{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T18:28:27Z","timestamp":1787596107474,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":114,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771804800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82372532"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82372532"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025M782049"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025M782049"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Dermal fibroblasts are key cellular components of the skin stroma, primarily responsible for extracellular matrix synthesis and the maintenance of tissue structure and function. Beyond this canonical role, these cells also possess immune regulatory functions, enabling them to sense and integrate microbial cues to orchestrate cutaneous inflammatory responses, wound repair and fibrogenesis. The skin microbiome is a critical regulator of fibroblast homeostasis; its dysbiosis disrupts fibroblast\u2013microbe crosstalk, leading to aberrant fibroblast activation and contributing to the pathogenesis of various dermatological conditions. Clinically, the burden of these disorders is substantial, and current therapeutic strategies targeting fibroblast dysfunction often yield limited efficacy. Fortunately, recent advances in deciphering the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying fibroblast\u2013microbe interactions have highlighted critical molecular regulatory networks, opening new therapeutic avenues. Among these emerging approaches, interventions targeting the microbiota-fibroblast axis \u2013 such as probiotics, postbiotics and fibroblast-directed agents \u2013 hold considerable promise. Deciphering the nuances of this crosstalk is pivotal for advancing precision and regenerative therapies, with potential implications for cutaneous and systemic fibrotic disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/bjd\/ljag068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T12:32:08Z","timestamp":1771677128000},"page":"1024-1034","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Microbiota\u2013fibroblast crosstalk represents the missing link in skin barrier dysfunction and fibrosis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"194","author":[{"given":"Zhen","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiwen","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caiyu","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuxuan","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yihan","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evan","family":"Sweren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor, MI ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"PeiYang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin P","family":"Alphonse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis A","family":"Garza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5028-9717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gaofeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2022.07.006","article-title":"Wound healing, fibroblast heterogeneity, and fibrosis","volume":"29","author":"Talbott","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-022-03127-0","article-title":"Fat transplantation induces dermal adipose regeneration and reverses skin fibrosis through dedifferentiation and redifferentiation of adipocytes","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2025.107376","article-title":"Investigating the causal relationship between skin microbiota and hypertrophic scar using bidirectional Mendelian randomization","volume":"51","author":"Hou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1058862","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1058862","article-title":"Essential immune functions of fibroblasts in innate host defense","volume":"13","author":"Cavagnero","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1260972","article-title":"Innate immunity. Dermal adipocytes protect against invasive Staphylococcus aureus skin infection","volume":"347","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1011754","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1011754","article-title":"Antimicrobial peptide-producing dermal preadipocytes defend against Candida albicans skin infection via the FGFR\u2013MEK\u2013ERK pathway","volume":"19","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLOS PATHOG"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.311","article-title":"Genome-wide scan reveals association of psoriasis with IL-23 and NF-kappaB pathways","volume":"41","author":"Nair","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3455","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-39020-4","article-title":"Single cell and spatial sequencing define processes by which keratinocytes and fibroblasts amplify inflammatory responses in psoriasis","volume":"14","author":"Ma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-44994-w","article-title":"Single-cell analysis of psoriasis resolution demonstrates an inflammatory fibroblast state targeted by IL-23 blockade","volume":"15","author":"Francis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20231425","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20231425","article-title":"CXCL12+ dermal fibroblasts promote neutrophil recruitment and host defense by recognition of IL-17","volume":"221","author":"Cavagnero","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.116111","article-title":"Targeting fibroblast TNF receptor 1 attenuates type 17 skin inflammation","volume":"44","author":"Cavagnero","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E3422","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1400513111","article-title":"IL-17 drives psoriatic inflammation via distinct, target cell-specific mechanisms","volume":"111","author":"Ha","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-019-0367-4","article-title":"IL-17 metabolically reprograms activated fibroblastic reticular cells for proliferation and survival","volume":"20","author":"Majumder","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4703","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-12253-y","article-title":"Microbe\u2013host interplay in atopic dermatitis and psoriasis","volume":"10","author":"Fyhrquist","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20171079","article-title":"Contextual control of skin immunity and inflammation by Corynebacterium","volume":"215","author":"Ridaura","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2017.10.008","article-title":"Staphylococcus aureus virulent PSM\u03b1 peptides induce keratinocyte alarmin release to orchestrate IL-17-dependent skin inflammation","volume":"22","author":"Nakagawa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2017.10.006","article-title":"Staphylococcus aureus epicutaneous exposure drives skin inflammation via IL-36-mediated T cell responses","volume":"22","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.02.008","article-title":"Streptococcus pyogenes-induced cutaneous lymphocyte antigen-positive T cell-dependent epidermal cell activation triggers TH17 responses in patients with guttate psoriasis","volume":"138","author":"Ruiz-Romeu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e90284","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0090284","article-title":"IL-17 induces an expanded range of downstream genes in reconstituted human epidermis model","volume":"9","author":"Chiricozzi","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38995","article-title":"Comparative genomic profiling of synovium versus skin lesions in psoriatic arthritis","volume":"67","author":"Belasco","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-018-8702-3","article-title":"The immunologic role of IL-17 in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis pathogenesis","volume":"55","author":"Blauvelt","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Rev Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109052","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.109052","article-title":"Staphylococcus cohnii is a potentially biotherapeutic skin commensal alleviating skin inflammation","volume":"35","author":"Ito","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2811","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.03.033","article-title":"T cells promote distinct transcriptional programs of cutaneous inflammatory disease in keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts","volume":"145","author":"DeBerg","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2024.105222","article-title":"Exploratory multi-omics analysis reveals host\u2013microbe interactions associated with disease severity in psoriatic skin","volume":"105","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.06.024","article-title":"Psoriatic lesions are characterized by higher bacterial load and imbalance between Cutibacterium and Corynebacterium","volume":"82","author":"Quan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-025-04395-5","article-title":"Integrated microbiome and metabolome analysis reveals microbial\u2013metabolic interactions in psoriasis pathogenesis","volume":"25","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1572","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19061572","article-title":"Sirt1 protects against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in fibroblasts from psoriatic patients: a new insight into the pathogenetic mechanisms of psoriasis","volume":"19","author":"Becatti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0024024","DOI":"10.1128\/cmr.00240-24","article-title":"Recent advances in therapeutic probiotics: insights from human trials","volume":"38","author":"Cho","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2024.06.006","article-title":"Innate lymphoid cell-based immunomodulatory hydrogel microspheres containing Cutibacterium acnes extracellular vesicles for the treatment of psoriasis","volume":"184","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Biomater"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.36849\/JDD.6237","article-title":"Probiotics supplementation improves quality of life, clinical symptoms, and inflammatory status in patients with psoriasis","volume":"21","author":"Moludi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4549134","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/4549134","article-title":"The efficacy of Lactocare\u00ae synbiotic on the clinical symptoms in patients with psoriasis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial","volume":"2022","author":"Akbarzadeh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dermatol Res Pract"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2021.09.004","article-title":"Probiotic supplementation improves clinical outcomes and quality of life indicators in patients with plaque psoriasis: a randomized double-blind clinical trial","volume":"46","author":"Moludi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Nutr ESPEN"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.14032","article-title":"The role of topical probiotics in skin conditions: a systematic review of animal and human studies and implications for future therapies","volume":"29","author":"Knackstedt","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1111\/all.15486","article-title":"Single-cell profiles reveal distinctive immune response in atopic dermatitis in contrast to psoriasis","volume":"78","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31286-1","article-title":"Atopic dermatitis","volume":"396","author":"Langan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1615","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.01.042","article-title":"Single-cell transcriptome analysis of human skin identifies novel fibroblast subpopulation and enrichment of immune subsets in atopic dermatitis","volume":"145","author":"He","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2215","DOI":"10.1111\/all.15781","article-title":"Spatial transcriptomics combined with single-cell RNA-sequencing unravels the complex inflammatory cell network in atopic dermatitis","volume":"78","author":"Mitamura","year":"2023","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.08.041","article-title":"Mild atopic dermatitis lacks systemic inflammation and shows reduced nonlesional skin abnormalities","volume":"147","author":"He","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2005.06.001","article-title":"Tenascin-C is upregulated in the skin lesions of patients with atopic dermatitis","volume":"40","author":"Ogawa","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Dermatol Sci"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabj0324","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abj0324","article-title":"NF-\u03baB perturbation reveals unique immunomodulatory functions in Prx1+ fibroblasts that promote development of atopic dermatitis","volume":"14","author":"Ko","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2024.04.029","article-title":"Exploring the skin microbiome in atopic dermatitis pathogenesis and disease modification","volume":"154","author":"H\u00fclp\u00fcsch","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1038\/cmi.2015.77","article-title":"NOD2 and TLR2 ligands trigger the activation of basophils and eosinophils by interacting with dermal fibroblasts in atopic dermatitis-like skin inflammation","volume":"13","author":"Jiao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-2896","article-title":"Propionibacterium acnes abundance correlates inversely with Staphylococcus aureus: data from atopic dermatitis skin microbiome","volume":"98","author":"Francuzik","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaah4680","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aah4680","article-title":"Antimicrobials from human skin commensal bacteria protect against Staphylococcus aureus and are deficient in atopic dermatitis","volume":"9","author":"Nakatsuji","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1414","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22031414","article-title":"Probiotic activity of Staphylococcus epidermidis induces collagen type I production through FFaR2\/p-ERK signaling","volume":"22","author":"Negari","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8071026","article-title":"Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 as a novel topical cosmetic ingredient: a proof of concept clinical study in adults with atopic dermatitis","volume":"8","author":"Butler","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13836","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.13836","article-title":"Therapeutic effects elicited by the probiotic Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG in children with atopic dermatitis","volume":"33","author":"Carucci","year":"2022","journal-title":"The results of the ProPAD trial. Pediatr Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01256-2","article-title":"Development of a human skin commensal microbe for bacteriotherapy of atopic dermatitis and use in a phase 1 randomized clinical trial","volume":"27","author":"Nakatsuji","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1093\/burnst\/tkad060","article-title":"Acne-induced pathological scars: pathophysiology and current treatments","volume":"12","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Burns Trauma"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1900520","article-title":"Retinoids enhance the expression of cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide during reactive dermal adipogenesis","volume":"203","author":"Liggins","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-024-00512-w","article-title":"Facemask acne attenuation through modulation of indirect microbiome interactions","volume":"10","author":"Na","year":"2024","journal-title":"NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07039","article-title":"Wound repair and regeneration","volume":"453","author":"Gurtner","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2059","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-012-1152-9","article-title":"Cutaneous wound healing: recruiting developmental pathways for regeneration","volume":"70","author":"Bielefeld","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06725-x","article-title":"CD201+ fascia progenitors choreograph injury repair","volume":"623","author":"Correa-Gallegos","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-021-00540-z","article-title":"Fibroblasts as immune regulators in infection, inflammation and cancer","volume":"21","author":"Davidson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2020.01.012","article-title":"The molecular anatomy of mouse skin during hair growth and rest","volume":"26","author":"Joost","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.05.029","article-title":"Positionally distinct interferon-stimulated dermal immune-acting fibroblasts promote neutrophil recruitment in Sweet syndrome","volume":"156","author":"Cavagnero","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-024-00716-0","article-title":"Fibroblast and myofibroblast activation in normal tissue repair and fibrosis","volume":"25","author":"Younesi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.031","article-title":"A tissue injury sensing and repair pathway distinct from host pathogen defense","volume":"186","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-03208-w","article-title":"Direct conversion of injury-site myeloid cells to fibroblast-like cells of granulation tissue","volume":"9","author":"Sinha","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaar2971","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aar2971","article-title":"Myofibroblast proliferation and heterogeneity are supported by macrophages during skin repair","volume":"362","author":"Shook","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-019-0324-5","article-title":"Evasion of apoptosis by myofibroblasts: a hallmark of fibrotic diseases","volume":"16","author":"Hinz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112647","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2023.112647","article-title":"Dynamic interplay between IL-1 and WNT pathways in regulating dermal adipocyte lineage cells during skin development and wound regeneration","volume":"42","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4903","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-07142-9","article-title":"Hedgehog stimulates hair follicle neogenesis by creating inductive dermis during murine skin wound healing","volume":"9","author":"Lim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aai8792","article-title":"Regeneration of fat cells from myofibroblasts during wound healing","volume":"355","author":"Plikus","year":"2017","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1038\/nature25177","article-title":"Skin microbiota\u2013host interactions","volume":"553","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1007\/s00203-023-03469-0","article-title":"Paraprobiotics strains accelerate wound repair by stimulating re-epithelialization of NIH-3T3 cells, decreasing inflammatory response and oxidative stress","volume":"205","author":"Michels","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arch Microbiol"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2019.107415","article-title":"Modulation of retinoid signaling: therapeutic opportunities in organ fibrosis and repair","volume":"205","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2022.06.011","article-title":"Gut commensals expand vitamin A metabolic capacity of the mammalian host","volume":"30","author":"Bonakdar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2174407","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2023.2174407","article-title":"Segmented filamentous bacteria impede rotavirus infection via retinoic acid receptor-mediated signaling","volume":"15","author":"Ngo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1744","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2021.09.010","article-title":"Commensal segmented filamentous bacteria-derived retinoic acid primes host defense to intestinal infection","volume":"29","author":"Woo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e123072","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.123072","article-title":"Hyaluronidase inhibits reactive adipogenesis and inflammation of colon and skin","volume":"3","author":"Dokoshi","year":"2018","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabb5280","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abb5280","article-title":"Diet-induced obesity promotes infection by impairment of the innate antimicrobial defense function of dermal adipocyte progenitors","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eads0519","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.ads0519","article-title":"Psychological stress increases skin infection through the action of TGF\u03b2 to suppress immune-acting fibroblasts","volume":"10","author":"Chan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Immunol"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-024-02893-8","article-title":"Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG-derived extracellular vesicles promote wound healing via miR-21-5p-mediated re-epithelization and angiogenesis","volume":"22","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Nanobiotechnol"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2393270","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2024.2393270","article-title":"The interplay between gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids, and implications for host health and disease","volume":"16","author":"Hays","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1938380","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2021.1938380","article-title":"Microbiota-derived butyrate is an endogenous HIF prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2024.07.012","article-title":"BCAA-producing Clostridium symbiosum promotes colorectal tumorigenesis through the modulation of host cholesterol metabolism","volume":"32","author":"Ren","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1008695","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1008695","article-title":"Metabolic competition between host and pathogen dictates inflammasome responses to fungal infection","volume":"16","author":"Tucey","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLOS PATHOG"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e138949","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.138949","article-title":"Regulation of glycolysis and the Warburg effect in wound healing","volume":"5","author":"Vinaik","year":"2020","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114727","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2023.114727","article-title":"Colonizing microbiota is associated with clinical outcomes in diabetic wound healing","volume":"194","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv Drug Deliv Rev"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8804","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-53075-x","article-title":"Advanced glycation end-product crosslinking activates a type VI secretion system phospholipase effector protein","volume":"15","author":"Jensen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"tkae020","DOI":"10.1093\/burnst\/tkae020","article-title":"The NLRP3 inflammasome in burns: a novel potential therapeutic target","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Burns Trauma"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reth.2022.05.008","article-title":"Current regenerative medicine-based approaches for skin regeneration: a review of literature and a report on clinical applications in Japan","volume":"21","author":"Shimizu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Regen Ther"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"dmm044164","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.044164","article-title":"Understanding the impact of fibroblast heterogeneity on skin fibrosis","volume":"13","author":"Griffin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dis. Model. Mech"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3709","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-24110-y","article-title":"Single-cell RNA-seq reveals fibroblast heterogeneity and increased mesenchymal fibroblasts in human fibrotic skin diseases","volume":"12","author":"Deng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"tkad059","DOI":"10.1093\/burnst\/tkad059","article-title":"The role of the skin microbiome in wound healing","volume":"12","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Burns Trauma"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"pgae273","DOI":"10.1093\/pnasnexus\/pgae273","article-title":"Commensal microbiome dysbiosis elicits interleukin-8 signaling to drive fibrotic skin disease","volume":"3","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"PNAS Nexus"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248-014-0504-4","article-title":"Oral antibiotic treatment induces skin microbiota dysbiosis and influences wound healing","volume":"69","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Microb Ecol"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-023-01861-y","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles from Lactobacillus druckerii inhibit hypertrophic scar fibrosis","volume":"21","author":"Han","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Nanobiotechnol"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2018.08.004","article-title":"The Legionella effector kinase LegK7 hijacks the host Hippo pathway to promote infection","volume":"24","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaba2371","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aba2374","article-title":"Preventing Engrailed-1 activation in fibroblasts yields wound regeneration without scarring","volume":"372","author":"Mascharak","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2021.12.011","article-title":"Multi-omic analysis reveals divergent molecular events in scarring and regenerative wound healing","volume":"29","author":"Mascharak","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01501-9","article-title":"Cellular mechanotransduction in health and diseases: from molecular mechanism to therapeutic targets","volume":"8","author":"Di","year":"2023","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2015.03.010","article-title":"Porphyromonas gingivalis attenuates ATP-mediated inflammasome activation and HMGB1 release through expression of a nucleoside-diphosphate kinase","volume":"17","author":"Johnson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2018.04.036","article-title":"Epidermal HMGB1 activates dermal fibroblasts and causes hypertrophic scar formation in reduced hydration","volume":"138","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.12.024","article-title":"Chronic graft-versus-host disease. Part I: Epidemiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations","volume":"90","author":"Baumrin","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2024.08.004","article-title":"Bacteroides ovatus alleviates dysbiotic microbiota-induced graft-versus-host disease","volume":"32","author":"Hayase","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-023-00438-1","article-title":"Acute graft-versus-host disease","volume":"9","author":"Malard","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3674","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-06048-w","article-title":"Microbial metabolite sensor GPR43 controls severity of experimental GVHD","volume":"9","author":"Fujiwara","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)01692-0","article-title":"Systemic sclerosis","volume":"401","author":"Volkmann","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3001777","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3001777","article-title":"Initiation of wound healing is regulated by the convergence of mechanical and epigenetic cues","volume":"20","author":"Bhatt","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLOS BIOL"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2206","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-06-585273","article-title":"miR-29a maintains mouse hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal by regulating Dnmt3a","volume":"125","author":"Hu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102660","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2021.102660","article-title":"Mesenchymal stromal cells-derived extracellular vesicles alleviate systemic sclerosis via miR-29a-3p","volume":"121","author":"Rozier","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2347","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI122462","article-title":"TGF-\u03b2-induced epigenetic deregulation of SOCS3 facilitates STAT3 signaling to promote fibrosis","volume":"130","author":"Dees","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B106","author":"NCT00742443"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B107","author":"NCT00984503"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eadn7871","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.adn7871","article-title":"Clinical, mechanistic, and therapeutic landscape of cutaneous fibrosis","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eadp2974","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adp2974","article-title":"Imperfect wound healing sets the stage for chronic diseases","volume":"386","author":"Martin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2836","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2025.04.016","article-title":"The microbiome for clinicians","volume":"188","author":"Porcari","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-019-0255-9","article-title":"Common principles and best practices for engineering microbiomes","volume":"17","author":"Lawson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2025.01.038","article-title":"From big data and experimental models to clinical trials: Iterative strategies in microbiome research","volume":"188","author":"Turjeman","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1007\/s13238-019-00684-8","article-title":"Washed microbiota transplantation vs. manual fecal microbiota transplantation: clinical findings, animal studies and in vitro screening","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Protein Cell"},{"key":"2026051911024617800_ljag068-B114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-024-01918-9","article-title":"Stretchable ionic-electronic bilayer hydrogel electronics enable in situ detection of solid-state epidermal biomarkers","volume":"23","author":"Arwani","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Mater"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjd\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/bjd\/ljag068\/67077274\/ljag068.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjd\/article-pdf\/194\/6\/1024\/67077274\/ljag068.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjd\/article-pdf\/194\/6\/1024\/67077274\/ljag068.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T15:03:07Z","timestamp":1779202987000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjd\/article\/194\/6\/1024\/8495105"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]]},"references-count":114,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bjd\/ljag068","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-0963","1365-2133"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-0963","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2133","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]]}}}