{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T03:26:51Z","timestamp":1789097211444,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777334400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012331","name":"LEO Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012331","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003554","name":"The Lundbeck Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003554","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009708","name":"The Novo Nordisk Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009708","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Aage Bangs Foundation"},{"name":"Herlev and Gentofte Hospital Research Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Paediatric atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common inflammatory disease of childhood and is closely linked to the subsequent development of food allergy, asthma and rhinitis. There is currently limited insight into the occurrence of AD and allergic comorbidity in early childhood according to gestational maturity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the occurrence of AD, food allergy, asthma and rhinitis in term and preterm children from birth to age 4\u20135\u2005years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A prospective birth cohort of 389 children (261 term, 128 preterm) was followed from birth to age 4\u20135\u2005years. Clinical visits were conducted at birth, 2\u2005months, and 12\u2005months, with additional visits for skin signs of AD during the first 2\u2005years. At age 4\u20135\u2005years, parents completed a structured telephone interview. We compared the prevalence, age at onset, and persistence of AD and allergic comorbidities between preterm and term children using Mann\u2013Whitney U-test and Fisher\u2019s exact tests.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The overall prevalence of AD was 29.6% at age 2\u2005years and 33.0% at 4\u20135\u2005years. Preterm children had a lower prevalence of AD (19.2% vs. 39.8%, P &amp;lt; 0.001), later AD onset (median 12.0 vs. 7.5\u2005months, P &amp;lt; 0.01), milder disease severity (median Eczema Area and Severity Index score 1.4 vs. 4.8, P &amp;lt; 0.01) and less persistent AD (11.5% vs. 19.9%, P &amp;lt; 0.001) than term children. Among preterm-born and term-born children, the prevalence of food allergy, asthma and rhinitis at age 4\u20135\u2005years was 1.6% vs. 3.1%, 20.0% vs. 13.0% and 6.2% vs. 4.6%, respectively. No preterm children with AD (n = 25) developed food allergies within 4\u20135\u2005years compared with 6.7% among term-born children, whereas asthma prevalence was higher among preterm children with AD (36.0%) compared with term children with AD (17.3%) (P = 0.05).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this cohort, preterm birth was associated with a lower observed incidence of AD, with later onset and a milder, less persistent disease course. Among children with AD, those born preterm had no food allergy and a higher prevalence of asthma compared with term-born children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/bjd\/ljag167","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T11:31:14Z","timestamp":1777289474000},"page":"496-505","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Preterm birth is associated with reduced risk of atopic dermatitis and a distinct allergic comorbidity profile in early childhood"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"195","author":[{"given":"Iben Frier","family":"Ruge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen ,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte , Copenhagen ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mia-Louise","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne Sofie","family":"Halling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen ,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte , Copenhagen ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trine","family":"Gerner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte , Copenhagen ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Rasmussen","family":"Rinnov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte , Copenhagen ,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Trautner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4838-300X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon Francis","family":"Thomsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4784-9680","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lone","family":"Skov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte , Copenhagen ,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Egeberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen ,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivone","family":"Jakasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb , Zagreb ,","place":["Croatia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1063-4547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanja","family":"Kezic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam Noord-Holland ,","place":["the Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan D","family":"Irvine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Medicine, Trinity College Dublin , Dublin 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