{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T03:00:09Z","timestamp":1789786809201,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785196800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82273533"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82273533"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31971054"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31971054"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005230","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX1063"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX1063"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005230","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007957","name":"Chongqing Municipal Education Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KJQN202300431"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KJQN202300431"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007957","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004374","name":"Chongqing Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["03030201P0438"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["03030201P0438"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004374","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004374","name":"Chongqing Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["03010203XKTS224"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["03010203XKTS224"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004374","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease associated with substantial patient burden. Symptoms often worsen later in the day, suggesting time of day (ToD)-dependent variation, although the underlying systemic immune correlates remain poorly understood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate ToD-dependent variation in immune parameters and inflammatory mediators in psoriasis and their associations with disease severity and treatment response.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Peripheral blood samples were collected in the morning and evening before and after anti-interleukin (IL)-23 therapy. Immune cell subsets, serum cytokines and chemokines were quantified. Public skin transcriptomic datasets were analysed using the ZeitZeiger algorithm to infer sampling time and assess ToD-dependent inflammatory signatures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with psoriasis exhibited attenuated ToD variation in circulating lymphocytes, largely driven by reduced evening lymphocyte counts. In parallel, patients showed an evening-biased inflammatory profile characterized by increased cytokines and chemokines involved in inflammation and leucocyte migration. Anti-IL-23 therapy reduced inflammatory mediator levels and partially restored disrupted diurnal immune dynamics, particularly at the evening timepoint. The extent of diurnal variation was associated with disease severity: ToD-dependent variation in IL-31 positively correlated with Psoriasis Area and Severity Index, whereas variation in T helper 17 cells and the CD4+\/CD8+ ratio showed negative correlations. Those whose psoriasis did not respond to treatment showed higher pretreatment evening IL-31 levels and a more proinflammatory immune profile. Consistently, transcriptomic analyses revealed enhanced late ToD inflammatory activity and immune cell infiltration in lesional psoriatic skin, both of which were attenuated after treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Psoriasis is characterized by altered ToD-dependent immune dynamics, including reduced ToD variation in circulating lymphocytes and a late-ToD proinflammatory profile. These findings suggest that temporal immune dysregulation is associated with disease activity and treatment response, and that anti-IL-23 therapy may partially restore disrupted ToD immune variation. Consideration of the temporal immune context may improve biomarker interpretation and help inform future therapeutic strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/bjd\/ljag314","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]],"date-time":"2026-07-26T11:32:37Z","timestamp":1785065557000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Time of day-dependent immune dynamics are associated with disease severity and therapeutic response in psoriasis"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"Qian","family":"Zhan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Center for Clinical Molecular Medical Detection, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing 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