{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T10:06:20Z","timestamp":1783937180384,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1154","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]],"date-time":"2023-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702598400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Yorkshire Lung Screening Trial"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011703","name":"Yorkshire Cancer Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["L403"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["L403"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011703","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To evaluate radiation doses for all low-dose CT scans performed during the first year of a lung screening trial.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>For all lung screening scans that were performed using a CT protocol that delivered image quality meeting the RSNA QIBA criteria, radiation dose metrics, participant height, weight, gender, and age were recorded. Values of volume CT dose index (CTDIvol) and dose length product (DLP) were evaluated as a function of weight in order to assess the performance of the scan protocol across the participant cohort. Calculated effective doses were used to establish the additional lifetime attributable cancer risks arising from trial scans.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Median values of CTDIvol, DLP, and effective dose (IQR) from the 3521 scans were 1.1\u00a0mGy (0.70), 42.4\u00a0mGycm (24.9), and 1.15\u00a0mSv (0.67), whilst for 60-80kg participants the values were 1.0\u00a0mGy (0.30), 35.8\u00a0mGycm (11.4), and 0.97\u00a0mSv (0.31). A statistically significant correlation between CTDIvol and weight was identified for males (r\u2009=\u20090.9123, P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001) and females (r\u2009=\u20090.9052, P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001), however, the effect of gender on CTDIvol was not statistically significant (P\u2009=\u2009.2328) despite notable differences existing at the extremes of the weight range. The additional lifetime attributable cancer risks from a single scan were in the range 0.001%-0.006%.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Low radiation doses can be achieved across a typical lung screening cohort using scan protocols that have been shown to deliver high levels of image quality. The observed dose levels may be considered as typical values for lung screening scans on similar types of scanners for an equivalent participant cohort.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Advances in knowledge<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Presentation of typical radiation dose levels for CT lung screening examinations in a large UK trial. Effective radiation doses can be of the order of 1\u00a0mSv for standard sized participants. Lifetime attributable cancer risks resulting from a single low-dose CT scan did not exceed 0.006%.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/bjr\/tqad045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,10]],"date-time":"2024-01-10T00:16:17Z","timestamp":1704845777000},"page":"469-476","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["An evaluation of CT radiation doses within the Yorkshire Lung Screening Trial"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"97","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5911-8431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gareth R","family":"Iball","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Studies, University of Bradford , Richmond Road, Bradford, BD7 1DP, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Department of Medical Physics & Engineering, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust , Leeds, West Yorkshire, LS1 3EX, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte E","family":"Beeching","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physics & Engineering, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust , Leeds, West Yorkshire, LS1 3EX, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rhian","family":"Gabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London , EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui Zhen","family":"Tam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Barts Clinical Trials Unit, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London , EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Darby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust , Leeds, LS1 3EX, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip A J","family":"Crosbie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infection, Immunity & Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester , M13 9NT, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew E J","family":"Callister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust , Leeds, LS1 3EX, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"2024020301472004900_tqad045-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1102873","article-title":"Reduced lung-cancer mortality with low-dose computed tomographic screening","volume":"365","author":"Aberle","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J 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