{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T10:57:42Z","timestamp":1785409062480,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1158","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,24]],"date-time":"2024-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708732800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>This review aims to serve as a foundational resource for general radiologists, enhancing their understanding of the role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in early prognostication for newborns diagnosed with hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE). The article explores the application of MRI as a predictive instrument for determining long-term outcomes in newborns affected by HIE. With HIE constituting a leading cause of neonatal mortality and severe long-term neurodevelopmental impairments, early identification of prognostic indicators is crucial for timely intervention and optimal clinical management. We examine current literature and recent advancements to provide an in-depth overview of MRI predictors, encompassing brain injury patterns, injury scoring systems, spectroscopy, and diffusion imaging. The potential of these MRI biomarkers in predicting long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes and the probability of epilepsy is also discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/bjr\/tqae048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,26]],"date-time":"2024-02-26T11:45:03Z","timestamp":1708947903000},"page":"1067-1077","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["MRI predictors of long-term outcomes of neonatal hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy: a primer for radiologists"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"97","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6288-3556","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sheng-Che","family":"Hung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Fang","family":"Tu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan 70403, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Senyene E","family":"Hunter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7025, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Guimaraes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"2024052917220802100_tqae048-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2014.3269","article-title":"Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: a review for the clinician","volume":"169","author":"Douglas-Escobar","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024052917220802100_tqae048-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1315788","article-title":"Effects of hypothermia for perinatal asphyxia on childhood outcomes","volume":"371","author":"Azzopardi","year":"2014","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024052917220802100_tqae048-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e771","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-2441","article-title":"Systemic hypothermia after neonatal encephalopathy: outcomes of neo.nEURO.network RCT","volume":"126","author":"Simbruner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"8","key":"2024052917220802100_tqae048-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1001\/archpediatrics.2011.43","article-title":"Whole-body hypothermia for term and near-term newborns with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"165","author":"Jacobs","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"issue":"15","key":"2024052917220802100_tqae048-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1574","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcps050929","article-title":"Whole-body hypothermia for neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy","volume":"353","author":"Shankaran","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024052917220802100_tqae048-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F346","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2015-309639","article-title":"Management and investigation of neonatal encephalopathy: 2017 update","volume":"102","author":"Martinello","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"key":"2024052917220802100_tqae048-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.00133","article-title":"prognostic value of clinical tests in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy treated with therapeutic hypothermia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"13","key":"2024052917220802100_tqae048-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073817726681","article-title":"Prognostic Value of Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy: A Meta-analysis","volume":"32","author":"S\u00e1nchez Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024052917220802100_tqae048-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1159\/000505519","article-title":"Predictors of outcomes in hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy following hypothermia: a meta-analysis","volume":"117","author":"Ouwehand","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neonatology"},{"issue":"7","key":"2024052917220802100_tqae048-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-007-0437-8","article-title":"Long-term cognitive and behavioral consequences of neonatal encephalopathy following perinatal asphyxia: a review","volume":"166","author":"van Handel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024052917220802100_tqae048-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(09)70295-9","article-title":"Assessment of brain tissue injury after moderate hypothermia in neonates with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy: a nested substudy of a randomised controlled trial","volume":"9","author":"Rutherford","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"2024052917220802100_tqae048-B12","year":"2023"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024052917220802100_tqae048-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.217.2.r00nv24331","article-title":"Diffusion-weighted MR imaging of the brain","volume":"217","author":"Schaefer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024052917220802100_tqae048-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A2872","article-title":"White matter abnormalities are related to microstructural changes in preterm neonates at term-equivalent age: a diffusion tensor imaging and probabilistic tractography study","volume":"33","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024052917220802100_tqae048-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2009.06.007","article-title":"Fetal hypoxia insults and patterns of brain injury: insights from animal models","volume":"36","author":"Gunn","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Perinatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024052917220802100_tqae048-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073815600865","article-title":"Reliability of early magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and necessity of repeating MRI in noncooled and cooled infants with neonatal encephalopathy","volume":"31","author":"Chakkarapani","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024052917220802100_tqae048-B17","first-page":"F398","article-title":"Brain injury following trial of hypothermia for neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy","volume":"97","author":"Shankaran","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"key":"2024052917220802100_tqae048-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.07.003","article-title":"Early magnetic resonance imaging predicts 30-month outcomes after therapeutic hypothermia for neonatal encephalopathy","volume":"238","author":"Bach","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"2024052917220802100_tqae048-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100885","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100885","article-title":"MRI combined with early clinical variables are excellent outcome predictors for newborn infants undergoing therapeutic hypothermia after perinatal asphyxia","volume":"36","author":"Thoresen","year":"2021","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024052917220802100_tqae048-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-023-02510-8","article-title":"How well does neonatal neuroimaging correlate with neurodevelopmental outcomes in infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy?","volume":"94","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"2024052917220802100_tqae048-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-017-3893-y","article-title":"A validated clinical MRI injury scoring system in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy","volume":"47","author":"Trivedi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024052917220802100_tqae048-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F220","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2008.148205","article-title":"Long-term outcome after neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy","volume":"95","author":"de Vries","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024052917220802100_tqae048-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2004.12.026","article-title":"Patterns of brain injury in term neonatal encephalopathy","volume":"146","author":"Miller","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024052917220802100_tqae048-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1862","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.107.506352","article-title":"Early diffusion-weighted MRI as a predictor of caspase-3 activation after hypoxic-ischemic insult in neonatal rodents","volume":"39","author":"Wendland","year":"2008","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024052917220802100_tqae048-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-018-4094-z","article-title":"Diffusion pseudonormalization and clinical outcome in term neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy","volume":"48","author":"Hayakawa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024052917220802100_tqae048-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.02.024","article-title":"Tract-based spatial statistics: voxelwise analysis of multi-subject diffusion data","volume":"31","author":"Smith","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024052917220802100_tqae048-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F147","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2016-310514","article-title":"MRI and spectroscopy in (near) term neonates with perinatal asphyxia and therapeutic hypothermia","volume":"102","author":"Alderliesten","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"key":"2024052917220802100_tqae048-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2017.04.025","article-title":"Early imaging and adverse neurodevelopmental outcome in asphyxiated newborns treated with hypothermia","volume":"73","author":"Al Amrani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2024052917220802100_tqae048-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-013-1202-5","article-title":"Prognostic value of brain proton MR spectroscopy and diffusion tensor imaging in newborns with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy treated by brain cooling","volume":"55","author":"Ancora","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"issue":"8","key":"2024052917220802100_tqae048-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2016.05.005","article-title":"Early MRI in neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy treated with hypothermia: Prognostic role at 2-year follow-up","volume":"85","author":"Charon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024052917220802100_tqae048-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1159\/000456707","article-title":"Prognostic value of the apparent diffusion coefficient in newborns with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy treated with therapeutic hypothermia","volume":"112","author":"Heursen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neonatology"},{"issue":"12","key":"2024052917220802100_tqae048-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci10120991","article-title":"Predictive values of location and volumetric MRI injury patterns for neurodevelopmental outcomes in hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy neonates","volume":"10","author":"Chang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024052917220802100_tqae048-B33","first-page":"F424","article-title":"Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy lactate\/N-acetylaspartate within 2 weeks of birth accurately predicts 2-year motor, cognitive and language outcomes in neonatal encephalopathy after therapeutic hypothermia","volume":"104","author":"Mitra","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024052917220802100_tqae048-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30325-9","article-title":"Magnetic resonance spectroscopy assessment of brain injury after moderate hypothermia in neonatal encephalopathy: a prospective multicentre cohort study","volume":"18","author":"Lally","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024052917220802100_tqae048-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2012.40","article-title":"Prediction of neurodevelopmental outcome after hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy treated with hypothermia by diffusion tensor imaging analyzed using tract-based spatial statistics","volume":"72","author":"Tusor","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"2024052917220802100_tqae048-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102872","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2021.102872","article-title":"Motor function and white matter connectivity in children cooled for neonatal encephalopathy","volume":"32","author":"Spencer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024052917220802100_tqae048-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-199011000-00004","article-title":"Proton MR spectroscopy of the brain in infants","volume":"14","author":"Peden","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Comput Assist Tomogr"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024052917220802100_tqae048-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-018-1269-6","article-title":"Prognostic value of early, conventional proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in cooled asphyxiated infants","volume":"18","author":"Barta","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024052917220802100_tqae048-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0123230","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0123230","article-title":"Therapeutic hypothermia modifies perinatal asphyxia-induced changes of the corpus callosum and outcome in neonates","volume":"10","author":"Alderliesten","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2024052917220802100_tqae048-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2017.06.001","article-title":"The prognostic value of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in term newborns treated with therapeutic hypothermia following asphyxia","volume":"42","author":"Sijens","year":"2017","journal-title":"Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"2024052917220802100_tqae048-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.00293","article-title":"Cerebral lactate concentration in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: in relation to time, characteristic of injury, and serum lactate concentration","volume":"9","author":"Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024052917220802100_tqae048-B42","article-title":"Proton MR spectroscopy of pediatric brain disorders","volume":"12","author":"Bl\u00fcml","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"key":"2024052917220802100_tqae048-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109724","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2021.109724","article-title":"Brain MRI after therapeutic hypothermia in asphyxiated newborns: Predictive value at one year of imaging features","volume":"139","author":"Brocard","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024052917220802100_tqae048-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-019-1777-z","article-title":"Neurodevelopmental effect of intracranial hemorrhage observed in hypoxic ischemic brain injury in hypothermia-treated asphyxiated neonates\u2014an MRI study","volume":"19","author":"Lakatos","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"issue":"11","key":"2024052917220802100_tqae048-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2023","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A2708","article-title":"Brain perfusion in asphyxiated newborns treated with therapeutic hypothermia","volume":"32","author":"Wintermark","year":"2011","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024052917220802100_tqae048-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.31083\/j.jin2004099","article-title":"Diagnostic performance of arterial spin-labeled perfusion imaging and diffusion-weighted imaging in full-term neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy","volume":"20","author":"Meng","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Integr Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024052917220802100_tqae048-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-014-3352-1","article-title":"Arterial spin-labelling perfusion MRI and outcome in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy","volume":"25","author":"De Vis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024052917220802100_tqae048-B48","first-page":"143","article-title":"Prediction of neuromotor outcome in perinatal asphyxia: evaluation of MR scoring systems","volume":"19","author":"Barkovich","year":"1998","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"2 Pt 1","key":"2024052917220802100_tqae048-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.102.2.323","article-title":"Abnormal magnetic resonance signal in the internal capsule predicts poor neurodevelopmental outcome in infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy","volume":"102","author":"Rutherford","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"18","key":"2024052917220802100_tqae048-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1420","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318253d589","article-title":"Impact of therapeutic hypothermia on MRI diffusion changes in neonatal encephalopathy","volume":"78","author":"Bednarek","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2024052917220802100_tqae048-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2017.09.043","article-title":"A novel magnetic resonance imaging score predicts neurodevelopmental outcome after perinatal asphyxia and therapeutic hypothermia","volume":"192","author":"Weeke","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024052917220802100_tqae048-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.7218","article-title":"Effect of depth and duration of cooling on death or disability at age 18 months among neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"318","author":"Shankaran","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2024052917220802100_tqae048-B53","author":"Shankaran","year":"2023"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024052917220802100_tqae048-B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.08.013","article-title":"Neonatal magnetic resonance imaging pattern of brain injury as a biomarker of childhood outcomes following a trial of hypothermia for neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy","volume":"167","author":"Shankaran","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024052917220802100_tqae048-B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2016.06.003","article-title":"Role of EEG background activity, seizure burden and MRI in predicting neurodevelopmental outcome in full-term infants with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy in the era of therapeutic hypothermia","volume":"20","author":"Weeke","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Paediatr Neurol"},{"key":"2024052917220802100_tqae048-B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2021.10.005","article-title":"Relationship between MRI scoring systems and neurodevelopmental outcome at two years in infants with neonatal encephalopathy","volume":"126","author":"N\u00ed Bhroin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2024052917220802100_tqae048-B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e25118","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000025118","article-title":"Clinical seizures and unfavorable brain MRI patterns in neonates with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy","volume":"100","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024052917220802100_tqae048-B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073818822361","article-title":"Pattern of brain injury predicts long-term epilepsy following neonatal encephalopathy","volume":"34","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024052917220802100_tqae048-B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2008.04.001","article-title":"Development of epilepsy in newborns with moderate hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and neonatal seizures","volume":"31","author":"Pisani","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain Dev"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024052917220802100_tqae048-B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2004.04.011","article-title":"Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: correlation of serial MRI and outcome","volume":"31","author":"Belet","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024052917220802100_tqae048-B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2010.02.016","article-title":"Serial MRI and neurodevelopmental outcome in 9- to 10-year-old children with neonatal encephalopathy","volume":"157","author":"van Kooij","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024052917220802100_tqae048-B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2015.04.009","article-title":"Early anatomical injury patterns predict epilepsy in head cooled neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy","volume":"53","author":"Jung","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2024052917220802100_tqae048-B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1871","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.16978","article-title":"Early-life epilepsy after acute symptomatic neonatal seizures: A prospective multicenter study","volume":"62","author":"Shellhaas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"7","key":"2024052917220802100_tqae048-B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2021.1437","article-title":"Safety of early discontinuation of antiseizure medication after acute symptomatic neonatal seizures","volume":"78","author":"Glass","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2024052917220802100_tqae048-B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073817698628","article-title":"Prediction of future epilepsy in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy who received selective head cooling","volume":"32","author":"McDonough","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2024052917220802100_tqae048-B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073811408092","article-title":"Hypothermia is correlated with seizure absence in perinatal stroke","volume":"26","author":"Harbert","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024052917220802100_tqae048-B67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.12257","article-title":"Epilepsy and West syndrome in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy","volume":"56","author":"Inoue","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatr Int"},{"issue":"11","key":"2024052917220802100_tqae048-B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1902","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13914","article-title":"Reduced infancy and childhood epilepsy following hypothermia-treated neonatal encephalopathy","volume":"58","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024052917220802100_tqae048-B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2013.08.007","article-title":"MRI findings in infants with infantile spasms after neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy","volume":"49","author":"Gano","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024052917220802100_tqae048-B70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2013.69","article-title":"Evolution of pattern of injury and quantitative MRI on days 1 and 3 in term newborns with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy","volume":"74","author":"Gano","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024052917220802100_tqae048-B71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X15607881","article-title":"The effects of therapeutic hypothermia on cerebral metabolism in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: An in vivo 1H-MR spectroscopy study","volume":"36","author":"Wisnowski","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024052917220802100_tqae048-B72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000445580.65983.d2","article-title":"Executive summary: Neonatal encephalopathy and neurologic outcome, second edition. Report of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists\u2019 Task Force on Neonatal Encephalopathy","volume":"123","year":"2014","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2024052917220802100_tqae048-B73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.01.050","article-title":"Early versus late brain magnetic resonance imaging after neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy treated with therapeutic hypothermia","volume":"232","author":"O'Kane","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"2024052917220802100_tqae048-B74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2022.107474","article-title":"Early neuroimaging findings of infants diagnosed with inherited metabolic disorders in neonatal period: A case-control study","volume":"222","author":"Ko\u00e7 Yeked\u00fcz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024052917220802100_tqae048-B75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2021-321633","article-title":"Neonatal-onset mitochondrial disease: clinical features, molecular diagnosis and prognosis","volume":"107","author":"Ebihara","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"issue":"11","key":"2024052917220802100_tqae048-B76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2077","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-016-3190-3","article-title":"The many faces of paediatric mitochondrial disease on neuroimaging","volume":"32","author":"Baertling","year":"2016","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024052917220802100_tqae048-B77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.2018170042","article-title":"Neuroimaging findings of organic acidemias and aminoacidopathies","volume":"38","author":"Reddy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"2024052917220802100_tqae048-B78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632307","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.632307","article-title":"Review of multi-modal imaging in urea cycle disorders: the old, the new, the borrowed, and the blue","volume":"12","author":"Sen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024052917220802100_tqae048-B79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-019-2119-5","article-title":"Mining multi-site clinical data to develop machine learning MRI biomarkers: application to neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy","volume":"17","author":"Weiss","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024052917220802100_tqae048-B80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1159\/000524751","article-title":"Outcome prediction in neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy using neurophysiology and neuroimaging","volume":"119","author":"Steiner","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neonatology"},{"key":"2024052917220802100_tqae048-B81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856615","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2022.856615","article-title":"Prognostic value of various diagnostic methods for long-term outcome of newborns after hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy treated with hypothermia","volume":"10","author":"Troha Gergeli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024052917220802100_tqae048-B82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2020-321309","article-title":"Prediction of outcome from MRI and general movements assessment after hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy in low-income and middle-income countries: data from a randomised controlled trial","volume":"107","author":"Aker","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Radiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjr\/article-pdf\/97\/1158\/1067\/57986310\/tqae048.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjr\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/bjr\/tqae048\/56965355\/tqae048.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjr\/article-pdf\/97\/1158\/1067\/57986310\/tqae048.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,29]],"date-time":"2024-05-29T17:22:54Z","timestamp":1717003374000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjr\/article\/97\/1158\/1067\/7614088"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,24]]},"references-count":82,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1158","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,24]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,29]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bjr\/tqae048","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1285","1748-880X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-1285","type":"print"},{"value":"1748-880X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,24]]}}}