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Both can manifest as soft tissue lesions within the head and neck region, and they may pose a diagnostic challenge given their relative rarity. This review aims to highlight the key multimodality imaging features of plasma cell neoplasms with an emphasis on extraosseous\/extramedullary presentations in the anatomically complex head and neck region, as well as the relevant anatomy of various head and neck subsites and the main differential diagnoses that the radiologist should consider. Familiarity with these entities is crucial and will help the radiologist facilitate the timely diagnosis of plasma cell neoplasia using the arsenal of increasingly available and sensitive imaging techniques.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/bjr\/tqaf031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,11]],"date-time":"2025-02-11T18:02:31Z","timestamp":1739296951000},"page":"640-649","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Head and neck manifestations of extramedullary plasmacytomas and their differential diagnoses: a pictorial review"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"98","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-9993-411X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sophie","family":"Wilkinson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Imaging, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , London NW1 2BU,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Jawad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University College London, Centre for Medical Imaging, Division of Medicine , London WC1E 6JF,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5791-7122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xin-Ying","family":"Kowa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Imaging, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , London NW1 2BU,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025042203522336300_tqaf031-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-022-00643-3","article-title":"Extramedullary disease in multiple myeloma: a systematic literature review","volume":"12","author":"Blade","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J"},{"key":"2025042203522336300_tqaf031-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e538","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(14)70442-5","article-title":"International Myeloma Working Group updated criteria for the diagnosis of multiple myeloma","volume":"15","author":"Rajkumar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"2025042203522336300_tqaf031-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e302","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(19)30309-2","article-title":"International myeloma working group consensus recommendations on imaging in monoclonal plasma cell disorders","volume":"20","author":"Hillengass","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"2025042203522336300_tqaf031-B4","first-page":"1009","article-title":"Extramedullary plasmacytoma of the head and neck","volume":"58","author":"Korolkowa","year":"2004","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Pol"},{"key":"2025042203522336300_tqaf031-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21254","article-title":"Sinonasal extramedullary plasmacytoma: a systematic review of 175 patients","volume":"4","author":"D'Aguillo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"},{"key":"2025042203522336300_tqaf031-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20180768","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20180768","article-title":"Imaging in myeloma with focus on advanced imaging techniques","volume":"92","author":"Barwick","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"2025042203522336300_tqaf031-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4743","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.4816","article-title":"Extramedullary plasmacytoma: tumor occurrence and therapeutic concepts - 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