{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T16:53:08Z","timestamp":1793465588069,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1172","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748304000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Kilovoltage x-ray therapy, which includes superficial x-rays and orthovoltage x-rays, is particularly suited for treatments near the skin surface. Radiation dose deposition at depth is typically characterized by percentage depth dose (PDD) curves. However, PDD data are difficult to obtain in kilovoltage x-ray therapy, hence clinics often rely on British Journal of Radiology Supplement 25 (BJR-25) archival data. This study measured PDD for different energies and field sizes on the Xstrahl 300 kilovoltage x-ray therapy unit for comparison with BJR-25 data.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We irradiated EBT3 film in water using different energy and field size combinations, then, compared the acquired PDD curves with BJR-25 data. We used 75, 125, and 250 kVp beams, for 10\u2009\u00d7\u200910 cm2 open field, 4\u2009\u00d7\u20094 cm2 closed-ended square applicator, and open-ended circular applicators of 1.5, 2.0, 2.8, and 4.7\u2009cm diameter.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>PDD for different energies and field sizes on the Xstrahl 300 kilovoltage x-ray therapy unit agreed well with BJR-25 data. The average difference between measured and BJR-25 data was \u22120.3\u2009\u00b1\u20091.8%; 85.9% of the individual local differences were within \u00b13%, 94.8% within \u00b14%, and 99.5% within \u00b15%.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The PDD curves presented here, together with BJR-25 data, can serve as useful comparison datasets for the commissioning of kilovoltage x-ray machines.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Advances in knowledge<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our film-based measurement technique provides high spatial resolution PDD datapoints for a modern kilovoltage x-ray unit, adding to the limited published data in the kilovoltage energy range.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/bjr\/tqaf107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T14:01:37Z","timestamp":1748354497000},"page":"1298-1304","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Film measurements of kilovoltage x-ray percentage depth doses for different energies and field sizes"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"98","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3397-5571","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tze Yee","family":"Lim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX 77030,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dershan","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX 77030,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamshid","family":"Moradi-Kurdestany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Mercy Coletta Cancer Center , Oklahoma City, OK 73120,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX 77030,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramesh","family":"Tailor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX 77030,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025081213170922800_tqaf107-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.3889\/oamjms.2017.122","article-title":"An overview on radiotherapy: from its history to its current applications in dermatology","volume":"5","author":"Gianfaldoni","year":"2017","journal-title":"Open Access Maced J Med Sci"},{"key":"2025081213170922800_tqaf107-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"71","author":"Sung","year":"2021","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"2025081213170922800_tqaf107-B3","first-page":"464","article-title":"Radiation therapy in dermatology: non-melanoma skin cancer","volume":"16","author":"Cheraghi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"key":"2025081213170922800_tqaf107-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prro.2019.10.014","article-title":"Definitive and postoperative radiation therapy for basal and squamous cell cancers of the skin: executive summary of an American society for radiation oncology clinical practice guideline","volume":"10","author":"Likhacheva","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pract Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"2025081213170922800_tqaf107-B5","first-page":"12","article-title":"Superficial radiation therapy for the treatment of nonmelanoma skin cancers","volume":"8","author":"McGregor","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Aesthet Dermatol"},{"key":"2025081213170922800_tqaf107-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2016.02.011","article-title":"Practice and educational gaps in radiation therapy in dermatology","volume":"34","author":"Cognetta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dermatol Clin"},{"key":"2025081213170922800_tqaf107-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13311","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.13311","article-title":"Proposed guidelines for appropriate utilization of superficial radiation therapy in management of skin cancers. 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