{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T11:43:24Z","timestamp":1753875804860,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]],"date-time":"2025-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750636800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>MR-guided radiotherapy (MRgRT) using MRI integrated linear accelerator (MR-LINAC) is a critical advancement in prostate cancer (PC) treatment. Leveraging the superior soft tissue contrast of MR imaging (MRI), along with online adaptation capabilities and real-time MRI for advanced motion management, MRgRT has demonstrated efficacy in localized PC irradiation. Recent studies have demonstrated that MRgRT can effectively treat individual lymph node metastasis (LNM), with preliminary results showing excellent patient tolerability and safety as a novel metastasis-directed radiotherapy for oligometastatic PC (omPC). However, current LNM imaging on an MR-LINAC is limited and suboptimal, creating reliance on diagnostic MRI and positron emission tomography (PET) for differentiation, registration, contouring, and adaptation. The inherent uncertainty and errors within these processes impair the accuracy and precision of LNM irradiation in MRgRT. This review aims to provide an overview of the current imaging techniques employed in clinical MRgRT practice for omPC, highlighting the unmet clinical needs due to the limitations of LNM imaging using an MR-LINAC. Furthermore, it reviews promising advanced LNM MRI techniques potentially transferable to MR-LINAC. Lastly, it discusses future developments in LNM imaging on an MR-LINAC and its potential as a comprehensive one-stop imaging solution for future omPC MRgRT.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/bjr\/tqaf142","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,28]],"date-time":"2025-06-28T22:17:55Z","timestamp":1751149075000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Optimizing lymph node metastasis imaging in MR-guided radiotherapy for oligometastatic prostate cancer"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6226-0743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Darren M C","family":"Poon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Comprehensive Oncology Centre, Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital, Happy Valley , Hong Kong SAR,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8112-3608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jing","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department, Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital, Happy Valley , Hong Kong SAR,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4705-6629","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minsong","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles, CA, 90095,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yingli","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine , Shanghai, 200025,","place":["China"]},{"name":"SJTU-Ruijing-UIH Institute for Medical Imaging Technology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine , Shanghai, 200025,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cindy","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department, Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital, Happy Valley , Hong Kong SAR,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5061-2038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John P","family":"Christodouleas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Elekta AB , Stockholm, 113 68,","place":["Sweden"]},{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA, 19104,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025070907560840700_tqaf142-B1","first-page":"394","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"68","author":"Bray","year":"2018","journal-title":"CA"},{"key":"2025070907560840700_tqaf142-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2023.02.018","article-title":"Management of patients with advanced prostate cancer-metastatic and\/or castration-resistant prostate cancer. 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