{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T17:25:21Z","timestamp":1764264321127,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1175","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]],"date-time":"2025-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754611200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To quantify the non-compressed breast characteristics of females and the typical scanning parameters of breast cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), and to provide a preliminary assessment of the average glandular dose (AGD) of breast CBCT in China.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study retrospectively analysed 3D breast imaging data from 1590 Chinese women who underwent non-enhanced breast CBCT scans in different regions between October 2020 and November 2023. Initially, a semiautomatic measurement tool integrated into the breast CBCT system was used to quantify the breast characteristics for each patient, including effective diameter at the chest-wall (Deff), chest-wall to nipple length (CNL), breast volume (BV), glandular volume (GV), and volumetric breast density (VBD). Then, the AGD for each patient was calculated using the dose conversion factor, combining breast characteristics and scanning parameters.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The overall median values of Deff, CNL, BV, GV, and VBD reflecting breast characteristics were 12.6\u2009cm, 6.8\u2009cm, 370.6\u2009cm3, 46.7\u2009cm3, and 14.4%, respectively. The tube voltage was fixed at 49 kVp, and the typical tube current was 50\u2009mA. Under the typical scanning parameters, the AGD ranged from 3.9 to 5.1 mGy (median 4.9 mGy).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The typical AGD for non-enhanced breast CBCT scanning is \u223c1.81\u00d7 higher than the cumulative radiation dose from 2 digital mammography views in China.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Advances in knowledge<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study assessed the AGD of patients undergoing breast CBCT examination based on a large amount of clinical data, providing valuable guidance to clinicians in choosing appropriate breast imaging modalities.<\/jats:p>\n                  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