{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T03:15:36Z","timestamp":1770693336038,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1177","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]],"date-time":"2025-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755820800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the size-specific dose estimates (SSDE) in adult patients undergoing kidneys, ureters, and bladder (CT KUB) scans using 2 approaches: water-equivalent diameter (Dw) and effective diameter (Deff). The study also aimed to assess the accuracy of using a single central image slice for SSDE estimation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ethical approval was obtained to collect patient data from a local hospital. CT images from 203 adult patients were retrieved and processed using IndoseCT software to calculate patient size metrics and corresponding SSDE values.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>SSDE values calculated using the Dw,mean and Deff,mean were comparable: 10.3\u2009\u00b1\u20092.9 mGy and 10.2\u2009\u00b1\u20092.9 mGy, respectively. When using a single central slice, the mean percentage differences were \u22121.8\u2009\u00b1\u20093.9% for Dw and \u22121.1\u2009\u00b1\u20094.6% for Deff, with all values falling within \u00b111%. A strong correlation was observed between SSDE values derived from single-slice and full-slice measurements (R2 &amp;gt; 0.97), showing slightly better agreement for Dw.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While Dw offers a more accurate estimation of patient size, the minimal differences observed suggest that Deff is a suitable alternative when Dw specific tools are unavailable. Additionally, using a single central slice is a practical and efficient method to estimate SSDE, significantly reducing computational demands.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Advances in knowledge<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study provides clinical validation that SSDE can be reliably estimated using a single-slice method in CT KUB examinations, offering a substantial reduction in processing time. It also demonstrates that Deff is a viable substitute for Dw when access to advanced imaging analysis tools is limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/bjr\/tqaf218","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]],"date-time":"2025-08-22T18:08:53Z","timestamp":1755886133000},"page":"59-64","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of size-specific dose estimates in CT kidneys, ureters, and bladder scans: comparison of central-slice and full-slices methods using water-equivalent and effective diameters"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"99","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2858-4759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khaled","family":"Alenazi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiological Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University , Riyadh 4545,","place":["Saudi 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