{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T14:29:11Z","timestamp":1788964151378,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1177","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]],"date-time":"2025-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757980800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Cooperatio Project Morphological Disciplines of Medicine, Charles University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This observational study aimed to define a standardized sonographic approach for evaluating the elementary lesions of the tendon-bone junction (TBJ) in insertional Achilles tendinopathy (IAT).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using high-frequency transducers, we matched the histological microarchitecture and the anatomical features of the TBJ of the Achilles tendon in patients with a clinical diagnosis of IAT. Colour\/power Doppler assessments have been performed as well.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fifty-eight patients, with a mean age of 54\u2009years (54.50\u2009\u00b1\u200911.72) and a gender distribution of 32 males (55.17%) and 26 females (44.83%), were enrolled in this observational study. Five elementary lesions of IAT were sonographically defined: bone spur, calcified longitudinal fissuration, intra-tendinous bony formation, tendon-bone disjunction, and fibrocartilage hyperemia. Moreover, specific sonographic signs have been identified to differentiate bony spurs in the growing phase and end-stage.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using high-frequency B-mode and high-sensitive Doppler imaging, detailed sonographic assessment of the TBJ can be performed in IAT patients. The aforementioned 5 elementary lesions can be considered as a standardized approach for prompt examination of this complex\/anatomical region.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Advances in knowledge<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Recent advances in ultrasound equipment allow for accurate assessment of the TBJ of the AT. The present observational study defined 5 elementary sonographic lesions of the IAT as bone spur, calcified longitudinal fissuration, intra-tendinous bony formation, tendon-bone disjunction, and fibrocartilage hyperemia. Pertinent ultrasound-guided procedures targeting the TBJ are also discussed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/bjr\/tqaf231","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]],"date-time":"2025-09-19T21:37:17Z","timestamp":1758317837000},"page":"122-132","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Ultrasound imaging\/guidance for insertional Achilles tendinopathy"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"99","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2576-2039","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Ricci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Unit, Luigi Sacco University Hospital , Milan 20157,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toru","family":"Omodani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopaedics, Tokyo Advanced Orthopaedics , Tokyo 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