{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T19:54:02Z","timestamp":1790452442589,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1179","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]],"date-time":"2025-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766534400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82002708"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82002708"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To test the feasibility and quantify the performance of low-dose CT urography (CTU) with artificial intelligence iterative reconstruction (AIIR) for bladder cancer (BC) evaluation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 122 patients undergoing CTU examination were prospectively enrolled, where the routine-dose scan (120\u2009kVp, ref 100\u2009mAs) at corticomedullary phase (CMP) was followed immediately by a low-dose scan (120\u2009kVp, ref 20\u2009mAs). Routine-dose images were reconstructed with hybrid iterative reconstruction (HIR, RD-HIR), while low-dose images were with AIIR (LD-AIIR) and HIR (LD-HIR). The image quality was first evaluated regarding streak artefacts around the bladder and then in contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) for various manifestations of bladder wall. The diagnostic performance of BC was characterized using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, in respect to the clinical diagnostic report.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The effective dose at low-dose CMP was 80.2% lower than routine-dose scan (7.6\u2009\u00b1\u20091.2 vs 1.5\u2009\u00b1\u20090.3\u2009mSv). Nineteen cases in LD-HIR were deemed clinically unacceptable for presenting severe artefacts around the bladder, while found well above the basic requirement in LD-AIIR. The highest CNR was found in LD-AIIR in all scenarios (all P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001). The area under ROC curve in LD-AIIR was comparable to RD-HIR (0.988 vs 0.990, P\u2009=\u2009.172) and significantly higher than LD-HIR (0.988 vs 0.831, P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The low-dose AIIR protocol allows for a profound dose reduction (80.2%) while maintaining reliable diagnosis of BC on corticomedullary phase CTU images.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Advances in knowledge<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Corticomedullary phase CTU with AIIR permits 80.2% dose reduction while preserving reliable BC diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  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