{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T08:01:00Z","timestamp":1784707260986,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1184","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777852800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["303-01-002-0468"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["303-01-002-0468"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of transarterial chemoembolization combined with radiofrequency ablation (TACE-RFA) plus tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) with or without programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) inhibitors in the treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From January 2020 to October 2024, 87 patients with uHCC who received TACE-RFA plus TKI with or without PD-1 inhibitors in our center were retrospectively analyzed, and divided into TACE-RFA + TKI (TRK) group and TACE-RFA + TKI + PD-1 (TRKP) group. Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test were used to analyze overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of the 2 groups. Adverse events (AEs) between the 2 groups were evaluated according to Common Adverse Event Evaluation Criteria (CTCAEs) Version 5.0.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The patients in the TRKP group had longer median OS (mOS) (24 [95% confidence interval (CI): 17.7-30.3] vs. 18 [95% CI: 15.1-20.9] months, P\u2009=\u2009.04) and median PFS (mPFS) (15[95% CI: 13.4-16.6] vs. 12 [95% CI: 10.8-13.2] months, P\u2009=\u2009.01) than that in the TRK group. The objective response rate (ORR) (44.19% vs 36.36%, P\u2009=\u2009.03) and disease control rate (DCR) (86.05% vs. 70.45%, P\u2009=\u2009.08) in the TRKP group were better than those in the TRK group. There was no significant difference in the frequency and severity of AEs between the 2 groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The treatment of TACE-RFA + TKI + PD-1 inhibitors is effective and safe for uHCC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Advances in knowledge<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study advances knowledge by showing that the TACE-RFA + TKI + PD-1 (TRKP) regimen is more effective than TACE-RFA + TKI (TRK) in improving median overall survival, median progression-free survival, and objective response rate for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC) with controllable adverse events, and identifies TRKP as an independent favorable prognostic factor, while AFP \u2265400\u2009ng\/mL and BCLC stage C as adverse prognostic factors for uHCC.<\/jats:p>\n             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