{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T17:21:47Z","timestamp":1793467307286,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,9]],"date-time":"2022-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667952000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A uniform definition of a clinical near-complete response (near-CR) after neoadjuvant (chemo)radiotherapy for rectal cancer is lacking. A clear definition is necessary for uniformity in clinical practice and trial enrolment for organ-preserving treatments. This review aimed to provide an overview of the terminology, criteria, and features used in the literature to define a near-CR.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A systematic review was performed based on the PRISMA statement. PubMed and Embase were searched up to May 2021 to identify the terminology, criteria, and features used to define a near-CR after (chemo)radiotherapy for rectal cancer. Studies with no clear cut-off point between a cCR and near-CR, studies using Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumours, and studies including only complete responders were excluded.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 1876 articles were found, of which 23 were included. Patients were managed by watchful waiting and\/or additional local treatment in 11 and 17 of 23 studies respectively. Response evaluation included digital rectal examination (DRE) and\/or endoscopy with MRI in 18 studies. The majority of studies used the term \u2018near-complete response\u2019. In most studies, minor irregularities or a smooth induration with DRE and a small flat ulcer on endoscopy were considered to indicate a near-CR. On MRI, five studies used features (obvious downstaging with or without heterogeneous\/irregular fibrosis on T2-weighted MRI or small spot of high signal on diffusion-weighted imaging), five studies used TNM criteria (ycT2), and four used magnetic resonance tumour regression grade (mrTRG) (mrTRG1\u20132\/mrTRG2) to describe a near-CR.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The terminology, criteria, and features used to describe a near-CR vary substantially, which can partly be explained by the different treatment strategies patients are selected for (watchful waiting or additional local treatment). A reproducible definition of near-CR is required.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/bjs\/znac372","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,9]],"date-time":"2022-11-09T08:38:40Z","timestamp":1667983120000},"page":"43-49","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Defining near-complete response following (chemo)radiotherapy for rectal cancer: systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"Petra A","family":"Custers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Netherlands Cancer Institute\u2014Antoni van Leeuwenhoek , Amsterdam , the Netherlands"},{"name":"GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University , Maastricht , the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara M","family":"Geubels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Netherlands Cancer Institute\u2014Antoni van Leeuwenhoek , Amsterdam , the Netherlands"},{"name":"GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University , Maastricht , the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Catharina Hospital , Eindhoven , the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1671-9912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Geerard L","family":"Beets","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Netherlands Cancer Institute\u2014Antoni van Leeuwenhoek , Amsterdam , the Netherlands"},{"name":"GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University , Maastricht , the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doenja M J","family":"Lambregts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute\u2014Antoni van Leeuwenhoek , Amsterdam , the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5719-3208","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monique E","family":"van Leerdam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Netherlands Cancer Institute\u2014Antoni van Leeuwenhoek , Amsterdam , the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Centre , Leiden , the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baukelien","family":"van Triest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute\u2014Antoni van Leeuwenhoek , Amsterdam , the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7721-2341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monique","family":"Maas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute\u2014Antoni van Leeuwenhoek , Amsterdam , the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,9]]},"container-title":["British Journal of Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjs\/article-pdf\/110\/1\/43\/50750430\/znac372.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjs\/article-pdf\/110\/1\/43\/50750430\/znac372.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]],"date-time":"2023-06-30T11:02:45Z","timestamp":1688122965000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjs\/article\/110\/1\/43\/6812814"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,9]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,9]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,13]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bjs\/znac372","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1323","1365-2168"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-1323","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2168","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,9]]}}}