{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T18:46:08Z","timestamp":1790707568773,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]],"date-time":"2025-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744243200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIHR201492"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHR201492"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000276","name":"Department of Health and Social Care","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000276","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>After major abdominal surgery, patients may experience significant gastrointestinal dysfunction, including postoperative ileus. Many clinical tools are used to measure this dysfunction, but there is no patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) specific to this group. The aim of this study was to develop a new PROM for this common condition.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A four-stage approach was undertaken. Stage 1 used semi-structured interviews with 29 patients to explore experiences of gastrointestinal recovery and develop a draft questionnaire. Stage 2 solicited feedback from 18 patients and 15 clinical experts on the face validity of the proposed tool using the Questionnaire on Questionnaires (QQ-10). Stage 3 recruited 297 patients to complete the questionnaire. Principal component analysis reduced the items and identified the domain structure. Test-retest reliability and a pilot assessment of responsiveness were assessed in stage 4 in a sample of 100 patients and in a sample of 68 patients respectively.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The interviews generated 26 subthemes across gastrointestinal recovery and general well-being. An initial questionnaire containing 44 items was developed. The QQ-10 demonstrated high value and low burden, supporting face validity. Tests to reduce the items and identify the domain structure resulted in a 15-item questionnaire across four domains (nausea, eating, well-being, and bowels). Test-retest reliability showed intraclass correlation coefficient values \u22650.7 for all domains. Pilot responsiveness was demonstrated through differences in pre- and post-surgical scores.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>PRO-diGI is a PROM for gastrointestinal dysfunction after major abdominal surgery that shows good psychometric properties and demonstrates face validity, reliability, and responsiveness. This now needs external validation to facilitate broader implementation.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/bjs\/znaf055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]],"date-time":"2025-04-10T10:45:18Z","timestamp":1744281918000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Development of a patient-reported outcome measure for gastrointestinal recovery after surgery (PRO-diGI)"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"112","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9971-1635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew J","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Health Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham , Birmingham ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Division of Clinical Medicine, Sheffield Medical School, University of Sheffield , Sheffield ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel 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