{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T20:24:26Z","timestamp":1790886266653,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013373","name":"NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013373","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000276","name":"Department of Health and Social Care","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000276","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Surgical site infections (SSI) complicate at least 5% of hand trauma operations; however, the efficacy of prophylactic antibiotics remains unclear. Unlike previous meta-analyses, this network meta-analysis (NMA) provides a definitive summary of all currently available data across multiple antibiotic classes, allowing indirect comparisons to provide a robust understanding of relative antibiotic effectiveness.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A systematic literature search was performed across EMBASE, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and CENTRAL, supplemented by Google Scholar and clinical trial registries. Prospective comparative studies comparing antibiotics versus placebo\/no antibiotics in patients undergoing surgery for hand and wrist trauma were included. Data on SSI rates were extracted and analysed using network meta-analysis with frequentist random-effects models.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Some 4499 articles were screened, with 13 randomized controlled trials (RCT) and 2 non-randomized studies involving 3898 participants included in the analysis. The pooled SSI prevalence was 3.6%. Our NMA indicated that prophylactic antibiotics did not significantly reduce SSI risk compared to placebo: the highest-ranking treatment (mixed antibiotic regimen) demonstrating a relative risk of 0.29 (95% c.i. 0.04, 2.13). Subgroup analyses revealed no significant differences based on injury type or location of surgery.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>There was insufficient evidence to support routine prophylactic antibiotic use in hand trauma surgery. Low event rates, wide confidence intervals, and moderate-to-high risk of bias in most included studies limit the certainty of this conclusion: the evidence remains inconclusive. Future high-quality RCTs are warranted to evaluate the benefit of antibiotic prophylaxis in hand trauma surgery.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/bjs\/znaf191","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T10:17:11Z","timestamp":1759141031000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Prophylactic antibiotics in hand trauma surgery: a network meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"112","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9620-4247","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suraya","family":"Yusuf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic Surgery, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , Headington, Oxford ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic Surgery, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , Headington, Oxford 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