{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T16:24:06Z","timestamp":1792081446201,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771286400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although several oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) studies have reported no definitive overall survival (OS) differences between neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NACRT) and neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), the higher pCR rate with NACRT has been viewed as a potential advantage. Beyond ongoing concerns about the validity of pCR as a surrogate endpoint, it remains uncertain whether survival differs between these modalities among patients with OSCC who achieve pCR.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An integrated analysis of individual patient data (IPD) from phase III trials evaluating perioperative therapies for resectable OSCC was conducted, emphasizing prognostic differences between NAC and NACRT, particularly among patients who achieved pCR.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>IPD from seven phase III RCTs across six countries included data for 1044 patients with OSCC (83.5% male; mean age of 62.3\u2005years). Of these patients, 605 (58.0%) received NAC and 439 (42.0%) received NACRT, with R0 resection rates of 89.6% versus 84.7% and pCR rates of 6.9% versus 34.2% respectively. Among patients who achieved pCR (192 patients), 5-year OS was 97.5% in the NAC group and 70.4% in the NACRT group, while 5-year recurrence-free survival was 80.8% and 63.7% respectively. Multivariable analysis demonstrated a significant survival advantage for NAC among patients who achieved pCR.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among patients who achieved pCR, postoperative outcomes varied considerably by neoadjuvant treatment modality. The markedly favourable prognosis associated with pCR after NAC suggests that these patients may represent an optimal candidate cohort for future evaluation of surgery-avoidance and watch-and-wait strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/bjs\/znag012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T12:22:49Z","timestamp":1771244569000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Survival after pathological complete response following neoadjuvant chemotherapy\n                    <i>versus<\/i>\n                    chemoradiotherapy for oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"113","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5226-1347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Okui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine , Tokyo ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Keio University School of Medicine , Tokyo ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8441-2755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Satoru","family":"Matsuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine , Tokyo ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4529-9045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kengo","family":"Nagashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics Unit, Clinical and Translational Research Center, Keio University Hospital , Tokyo ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasunori","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Keio University School of Medicine , Tokyo ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4929-5482","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hirofumi","family":"Kawakubo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine , Tokyo ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Ruhstaller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Competence Center, Swiss Cancer Institute , Bern ,","place":["Switzerland"]},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel , Basel ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8544-9872","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Thuss-Patience","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Haematology, Oncology, and Cancer Immunology, Charit\u00e9-University Medicine Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum , Berlin ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6215-8132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magnus","family":"Nilsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Upper Abdominal Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm ,","place":["Sweden"]},{"name":"Division of Surgery and Oncology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention, and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1695-4103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fredrik","family":"Klevebro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Upper Abdominal Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm ,","place":["Sweden"]},{"name":"Division of Surgery and Oncology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention, and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0708-5556","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lijie","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6187-4313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shaoyuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8834-6927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Aparicio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Digestive Oncology, H\u00f4pital Saint-Louis, APHP, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9 , Paris ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8243-8310","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guillaume","family":"Piessen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR9020-U1277\u2014CANTHER\u2014Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity, and Resistance to Therapies, University Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille , Lille ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3650-8303","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charl\u00e8ne","family":"van der Zijden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Centre , Rotterdam ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5193-0820","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bianca","family":"Mostert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Centre , Rotterdam ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4738-3697","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bas P L","family":"Wijnhoven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Centre , Rotterdam ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3551-7504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takahiro","family":"Tsushima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Shizuoka Cancer Center , Shizuoka ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3947-0128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroya","family":"Takeuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine , Shizuoka ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1733-5072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ken","family":"Kato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Head and Neck, Oesophageal Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital , Tokyo ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6469-2155","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuko","family":"Kitagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine , Tokyo ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026041616413959500_znag012-B1","first-page":"229","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"74","author":"Bray","year":"2024","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"2026041616413959500_znag012-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000001557","article-title":"The prevalence of overall and initial lymph node metastases in clinical T1N0 thoracic esophageal cancer","volume":"264","author":"Akutsu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"2026041616413959500_znag012-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e3181a38e89","article-title":"Validation study of radio-guided sentinel lymph node navigation in esophageal cancer","volume":"249","author":"Takeuchi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"2026041616413959500_znag012-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1007\/s10388-023-01002-2","article-title":"Risk prediction of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma recurrence in patients who underwent esophagectomy after receiving neoadjuvant treatment: a nationwide retrospective study in Japan","volume":"20","author":"Okamura","year":"2023","journal-title":"Esophagus"},{"key":"2026041616413959500_znag012-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1007\/s00595-019-01878-7","article-title":"Recent progress in multidisciplinary treatment for patients with esophageal cancer","volume":"50","author":"Watanabe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Surg Today"},{"key":"2026041616413959500_znag012-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1093\/jjco\/hyad051","article-title":"Updates of perioperative multidisciplinary treatment for surgically resectable esophageal cancer","volume":"53","author":"Tsuji","year":"2023","journal-title":"Jpn J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2026041616413959500_znag012-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1007\/s10388-025-01113-y","article-title":"Investigating the synergistic effects of immunochemotherapy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"22","author":"Okui","year":"2025","journal-title":"Esophagus"},{"key":"2026041616413959500_znag012-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-011-2049-9","article-title":"A randomized trial comparing postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy with cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil versus preoperative chemotherapy for localized advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the thoracic esophagus (JCOG9907)","volume":"19","author":"Ando","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"key":"2026041616413959500_znag012-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2022.07.003","article-title":"Oesophageal cancer: ESMO clinical practice guideline for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up","volume":"33","author":"Obermannov\u00e1","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"2026041616413959500_znag012-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2019.0033","article-title":"Esophageal and esophagogastric junction cancers, version 2.2019, NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology","volume":"17","author":"Ajani","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Natl Compr Canc Netw"},{"key":"2026041616413959500_znag012-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2074","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1112088","article-title":"Preoperative chemoradiotherapy for esophageal or junctional cancer","volume":"366","author":"van Hagen","year":"2012","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026041616413959500_znag012-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdw010","article-title":"A randomized clinical trial of neoadjuvant chemotherapy versus neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for cancer of the oesophagus or gastro-oesophageal junction","volume":"27","author":"Klevebro","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"2026041616413959500_znag012-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(23)00243-1","article-title":"Trimodality therapy versus perioperative chemotherapy in the management of locally advanced adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus and oesophagogastric junction (Neo-AEGIS): an open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial","volume":"8","author":"Reynolds","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2026041616413959500_znag012-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00745-1","article-title":"Doublet chemotherapy, triplet chemotherapy, or doublet chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy as neoadjuvant treatment for locally advanced oesophageal cancer (JCOG1109 NExT): a randomised, controlled, open-label, phase 3 trial","volume":"404","author":"Kato","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026041616413959500_znag012-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2022.10.508","article-title":"Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy versus neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by minimally invasive esophagectomy for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a prospective multicenter randomized clinical trial","volume":"34","author":"Tang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"2026041616413959500_znag012-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3451","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO-25-00948","article-title":"Recurrence patterns of esophageal adenocarcinoma in the phase III ESOPEC trial comparing perioperative chemotherapy with preoperative chemoradiotherapy","volume":"43","author":"Hoeppner","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2026041616413959500_znag012-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"znaf131","DOI":"10.1093\/bjs\/znaf131","article-title":"Evaluation of pathological complete response as a surrogate endpoint for overall survival in resectable oesophageal cancer: integrated analysis of individual patient data from phase III trials","volume":"112","author":"Okui","year":"2025","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"2026041616413959500_znag012-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000005619","article-title":"An international cohort study of prognosis associated with pathologically complete response following neoadjuvant chemotherapy versus chemoradiotherapy of surgical treated esophageal adenocarcinoma","volume":"276","author":"Cools-Lartigue","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"2026041616413959500_znag012-B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000006919","article-title":"Recurrence-free survival as a surrogate endpoint for overall survival in resectable esophageal cancer: integrated analysis of individual patient data from phase III trials","author":"Okui","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"2026041616413959500_znag012-B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djaf347","article-title":"Conditional recurrence-free survival after curative esophagectomy: individual patient data analysis of 11 trials","author":"Okui","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"2026041616413959500_znag012-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e297","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0040297","article-title":"Strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE): explanation and elaboration","volume":"4","author":"Vandenbroucke","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"2026041616413959500_znag012-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.21037\/acs.2017.03.14","article-title":"8th edition AJCC\/UICC staging of cancers of the esophagus and esophagogastric junction: application to clinical practice","volume":"6","author":"Rice","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"2026041616413959500_znag012-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"znae038","DOI":"10.1093\/bjs\/znae038","article-title":"Recurrence-free survival as a surrogate endpoint for overall survival after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery for oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"111","author":"Okui","year":"2024","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"2026041616413959500_znag012-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10388-016-0551-7","article-title":"Japanese classification of esophageal cancer, 11th edition: part I","volume":"14","author":"Japan Esophageal Society","year":"2017","journal-title":"Esophagus"},{"key":"2026041616413959500_znag012-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2176","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-022-12960-9","article-title":"Development and validation of a predictive model of therapeutic effect in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who received neoadjuvant treatment: a nationwide retrospective study in Japan","volume":"30","author":"Okamura","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"key":"2026041616413959500_znag012-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2680","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19940601)73:11<2680::AID-CNCR2820731105>3.0.CO;2-C","article-title":"Pathologic assessment of tumor regression after preoperative chemoradiotherapy of esophageal carcinoma. Clinicopathologic correlations","volume":"73","author":"Mandard","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"2026041616413959500_znag012-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-11-181","article-title":"Chemotherapy followed by surgery versus surgery alone in patients with resectable oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma: long-term results of a randomized controlled trial","volume":"11","author":"Boonstra","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"2026041616413959500_znag012-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.04.7118","article-title":"Chemoradiation followed by surgery compared with chemoradiation alone in squamous cancer of the esophagus: FFCD 9102","volume":"25","author":"Bedenne","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2026041616413959500_znag012-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2416","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2013.53.6532","article-title":"Surgery alone versus chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery for stage I and II esophageal cancer: final analysis of randomized controlled phase III trial FFCD 9901","volume":"32","author":"Mariette","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2026041616413959500_znag012-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4592","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2003.12.095","article-title":"Surgery plus chemotherapy compared with surgery alone for localized squamous cell carcinoma of the thoracic esophagus: a Japan Clinical Oncology Group Study\u2013JCOG9204","volume":"21","author":"Ando","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2026041616413959500_znag012-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2023.08.010","article-title":"Oncological outcomes of standard versus prolonged time to surgery after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for oesophageal cancer in the multicentre, randomised, controlled NeoRes II trial","volume":"34","author":"Nilsson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"2026041616413959500_znag012-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1386","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdy105","article-title":"Neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by chemoradiation and surgery with and without cetuximab in patients with resectable esophageal cancer: a randomized, open-label, phase III trial (SAKK 75\/08)","volume":"29","author":"Ruhstaller","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"2026041616413959500_znag012-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3747","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-023-13194-z","article-title":"Tumor burden monitoring with circulating tumor DNA during treatment in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"30","author":"Morimoto","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"key":"2026041616413959500_znag012-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2025.109625","article-title":"Clinical value of preoperative circulating tumor DNA before surgery in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"51","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"2026041616413959500_znag012-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1097\/PPO.0b013e318292e4e3","article-title":"Basic mechanisms of therapeutic resistance to radiation and chemotherapy in lung cancer","volume":"19","author":"Willers","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer J"},{"key":"2026041616413959500_znag012-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2017.01.032","article-title":"Surrogate end-points for overall survival in 22 neoadjuvant trials of gastro-oesophageal cancers","volume":"76","author":"Petrelli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"2026041616413959500_znag012-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e066381","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2021-066381","article-title":"Evaluation of pathological complete response as surrogate endpoint in neoadjuvant randomised clinical trials of early stage breast cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"375","author":"Conforti","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2026041616413959500_znag012-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e234","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000005701","article-title":"Nationwide validation study of the prognostic significance of stratification using pathological stage and response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"278","author":"Matsuda","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"2026041616413959500_znag012-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1007\/s10388-025-01130-x","article-title":"Detection of pathologic complete response using deep neural network-based endoscopic evaluation in patients with esophageal cancer receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy: a nationwide multicenter retrospective study from 46 Japanese esophageal centers","volume":"22","author":"Matsuda","year":"2025","journal-title":"Esophagus"},{"key":"2026041616413959500_znag012-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2549","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-03064-w","article-title":"Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with or without camrelizumab in resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: the randomized phase 3 ESCORT-NEO\/NCCES01 trial","volume":"30","author":"Qin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2026041616413959500_znag012-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000004436","article-title":"Distribution of residual disease and recurrence patterns in pathological responders after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"276","author":"Matsuda","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"2026041616413959500_znag012-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(25)00027-0","article-title":"Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by active surveillance versus standard surgery for oesophageal cancer (SANO trial): a multicentre, stepped-wedge, cluster-randomised, non-inferiority, phase 3 trial","volume":"26","author":"van der Wilk","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"2026041616413959500_znag012-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917961","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.917961","article-title":"Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and surgery for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma versus definitive chemoradiotherapy with salvage surgery as needed: the study protocol for the randomized controlled NEEDS trial","volume":"12","author":"Nilsson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"2026041616413959500_znag012-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2409408","article-title":"Perioperative chemotherapy or preoperative chemoradiotherapy in esophageal cancer","volume":"392","author":"Hoeppner","year":"2025","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjs\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/bjs\/znag012\/66952640\/znag012.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjs\/article-pdf\/113\/3\/znag012\/66952640\/znag012.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjs\/article-pdf\/113\/3\/znag012\/66952640\/znag012.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T20:41:49Z","timestamp":1776372109000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjs\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/bjs\/znag012\/8488125"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bjs\/znag012","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1323","1365-2168"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-1323","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2168","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]]},"article-number":"znag012"}}