{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T15:30:20Z","timestamp":1790350220055,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,15]],"date-time":"2021-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613347200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":45,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In 2011 a consensus statement from the British Association of Paediatric Urologists recommended lowering the age at orchidopexy to under 1 year. There are concerns that a younger age at operation may increase postoperative testicular atrophy. The ORCHESTRA study aimed to establish the current age at orchidopexy in a multicentre, international audit and to see whether testicular atrophy was affected by age at operation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study was undertaken over a 3-month period in 28 centres in boys undergoing orchidopexy for unilateral, palpable undescended testes. Data collection was done using a standardized, predetermined protocol. The primary outcome was postoperative testicular atrophy. Secondary outcomes were wound infections, reoperations, and unplanned hospital stays related to anaesthetic events.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 417 patients were included, of whom only 48 (11.5 per cent) underwent orchidopexy before 1 year of age. There was no difference in anaesthetic complications in boys aged less than 1 year versus older patients: 0 of 48 (0 per cent) versus 6 of 369 (1.6 per cent) (P\u2009=\u20090.999). Complete follow-up was available for 331 patients (79.4 per cent). There was no difference in atrophy rate between those aged less than 1 year and older boys: 1 of 37 (3 per cent) versus 9 of 294 (3.1 per cent) (P\u2009=\u20090.999). Reoperation rates were 0 of 37 (0 per cent) and 7 of 294 (2.4 per cent) respectively (P\u2009=\u20091.000). There were more wound infections in boys under 1 year of age: 4 of 37 (11 per cent) versus 7 of 294 (2.4 per cent) (P\u2009=\u20090.025).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Only 11.5 per cent of boys underwent surgery before the age of 1 year. There was no increased risk of postoperative testicular atrophy with early surgery, although there was a higher rate of wound infection. Further study is required to demonstrate that early orchidopexy is not inferior to orchidopexy undertaken in boys aged over 1 year.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/bjsopen\/zraa052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,15]],"date-time":"2021-02-15T01:17:27Z","timestamp":1613351847000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Timing of orchidopexy and its relationship to postoperative testicular atrophy: results from the ORCHESTRA study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"5","author":[{"name":"Paediatric Surgical Trainees Research Network (PSTRN)","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Organizing and Writing 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