{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T05:22:24Z","timestamp":1792041744121,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":135,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,26]],"date-time":"2023-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698278400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":51,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The open abdomen is an innovation that greatly improved surgical understanding of damage control, temporary abdominal closure, staged abdominal reconstruction, viscera and enteric fistula care, and abdominal wall reconstruction. This article provides an evidence-informed, expert, comprehensive narrative review of the open abdomen in trauma, acute care, and vascular and endovascular surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A group of 12 international trauma, acute care, and vascular and endovascular surgery experts were invited to review current literature and important concepts surrounding the open abdomen.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The open abdomen may be classified using validated systems developed by a working group in 2009 and modified by the World Society of the Abdominal Compartment Syndrome\u2014The Abdominal Compartment Society in 2013. It may be indicated in major trauma, intra-abdominal sepsis, vascular surgical emergencies, and severe acute pancreatitis; to facilitate second look laparotomy or avoid or treat abdominal compartment syndrome; and when the abdominal wall cannot be safely closed. Temporary abdominal closure and staged abdominal reconstruction methods include a mesh\/sheet, transabdominal wall dynamic fascial traction, negative pressure wound therapy, and hybrid negative pressure wound therapy and dynamic fascial traction. This last method likely has the highest primary fascial closure rates. Direct peritoneal resuscitation is currently an experimental strategy developed to improve primary fascial closure rates and reduce complications in those with an open abdomen. Primary fascial closure rates may be improved by early return to the operating room; limiting use of crystalloid fluids during the surgical interval; and preventing and\/or treating intra-abdominal hypertension, enteric fistulae, and intra-abdominal collections after surgery. The majority of failures of primary fascial closure and enteroatmospheric fistula formation may be prevented using effective temporary abdominal closure techniques, providing appropriate resuscitation fluids and nutritional support, and closing the abdomen as early as possible.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Subsequent stages of the innovation of the open abdomen will likely involve the design and conduct of prospective studies to evaluate appropriate indications for its use and effectiveness and safety of the above components of open abdomen management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/bjsopen\/zrad084","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,3]],"date-time":"2023-08-03T16:36:36Z","timestamp":1691080596000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["The open abdomen in trauma, acute care, and vascular and endovascular surgery: comprehensive, expert, narrative review"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Derek J","family":"Roberts","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital , Ottawa, Ontario , Canada"},{"name":"School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa , Ottawa, Ontario , Canada"},{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital , Ottawa, Ontario , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ari","family":"Lepp\u00e4niemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Abdominal Center, Department of Abdominal Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matti","family":"Tolonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Abdominal Center, Department of Abdominal Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6516-3797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Panu","family":"Mentula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Abdominal Center, Department of Abdominal Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Bj\u00f6rck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Sciences, Vascular Surgery, Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew W","family":"Kirkpatrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TeleMentored Ultrasound Supported Medical Interventions (TMUSMI) Research Group , Calgary, Alberta , Canada"},{"name":"Departments of Surgery and Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Sugrue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Letterkenny, University Hospital Donegal , Donegal , Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno M","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Masters Program in Health Applied Sciences , Vassouras University, Vassouras, Rio de Janeiro , Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Campinas Holy House General Surgery Residency Program Director , Campinas, Sao Paulo , Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulf","family":"Petersson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Skane University Hospital , Malm\u00f6 , Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University , Lund , Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6364-4186","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federico","family":"Coccolini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General, Emergency and Trauma Surgery, Pisa University Hospital , Pisa , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rifat","family":"Latifi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Westchester Medical Center , Valhalla, New York , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023102611413441100_zrad084-B1","first-page":"687","article-title":"II. 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