{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T16:26:15Z","timestamp":1775319975914,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759881600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":30,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Bowel Cancer UK and the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000589","name":"Chief Scientist Office","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SCAF\/16\/01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SCAF\/16\/01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000589","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000289","name":"Cancer Research UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["C26031\/A11378"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C26031\/A11378"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000289","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012095","name":"Scottish Government","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012095","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Cancer Research UK programme grant","award":["DRCPGM\/100012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DRCPGM\/100012"]}]},{"name":"Cancer Research UK programme grant","award":["C348\/A18927"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C348\/A18927"]}]},{"name":"CRUK Career Development Fellowship","award":["C31250\/A22804"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C31250\/A22804"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening programmes aim to detect early, asymptomatic cancers and improve survival. This study aimed to establish the proportion of interval cancers, and the consequences with regard to stage, clinical outcome, and overall survival. Risk factors associated with interval CRCs were investigated.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The Scottish Bowel Screening Programme uses faecal immunochemical testing at a threshold of 80 \u00b5g haemoglobin per g as a positive trigger for investigation. Screening was offered to all eligible individuals in one region, from November 2017 to October 2021. Cancer registries were cross-checked to ensure complete capture of all cancers including interval CRCs. The primary outcome was rate of interval CRCs among participants with follow-up of 24 months, and its relationship to faecal immunochemical testing results, clinical variables, stage, time to diagnosis, and survival. The secondary outcome was identification of risk factors associated with interval CRCs.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The Scottish Bowel Screening Programme generated 316 583 tests during the study period. Participation was 71.0% of the eligible population (212 664 patients); it was greater among women (71.9 versus 70.0%; P &amp;lt; 0.001) and in higher socioeconomic areas (76.9 versus 58.6%; P &amp;lt; 0.001). In the screened population, 546 CRCs were diagnosed within 2 years of screening. Some 289 of these patients (52.9%) had positive bowel screening. There were 257 patients with interval CRCs, who waited a median of 13 (interquartile range 7\u201320) months for diagnosis. Of CRCs diagnosed, 24.9% had screening faecal immunochemical test results of &amp;lt; 10 \u00b5g haemoglobin per g. The interval CRC rate was greater in women, older patients, and among the least socioeconomically deprived. Interval CRCs were associated with worse 2-year all-cause mortality than screen-detected CRCs (23.0 versus 10.8%; P &amp;lt; 0.001). Importantly, 121 of the 257 interval CRCs (47.1%) had detectable faecal immunochemical test results at 10\u201379 \u00b5g haemoglobin per g.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Patients with interval CRCs and a detectable faecal immunochemical test result below the predetermined threshold appear to be significantly disadvantaged with respect to stage at presentation and survival. Almost half of interval CRCs diagnosed within 2 years had detectable haemoglobin on screening faecal immunochemical test and would be a target for lower positivity thresholds.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/bjsopen\/zraf096","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T17:31:06Z","timestamp":1759944666000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Risk factors and clinical consequences of interval cancers arising within faecal immunochemical testing-based colorectal cancer screening programme"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5649-9240","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam D","family":"Gerrard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Department of Colorectal Surgery, Western General Hospital , Edinburgh ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"Garau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Department of Colorectal Surgery, Western General Hospital , Edinburgh ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4081-4741","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasuko","family":"Maeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital , Glasgow ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alastair","family":"Thomson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lothian Analytical Services, NHS Lothian , Edinburgh ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Evropi","family":"Theodoratou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3033-5851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Malcolm G","family":"Dunlop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"UK Colon Cancer Genetics Group, Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Farhat V N","family":"Din","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Department of Colorectal Surgery, Western General Hospital , Edinburgh ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025100813305318000_zraf096-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2022-327736","article-title":"Global burden of colorectal cancer in 2020 and 2040: incidence and mortality estimates from GLOBOCAN","volume":"72","author":"Morgan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2025100813305318000_zraf096-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tranon.2021.101174","article-title":"Global colorectal cancer burden 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