{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T04:42:23Z","timestamp":1784176943886,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,6]],"date-time":"2023-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675641600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>In May 2022, the World Health Organisation declared a multi-country monkeypox outbreak in non-endemic countries following cases reported from 12 member states that were not endemic for monkeypox virus.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Sources of data<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pubmed search.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Areas of agreement<\/jats:title><jats:p>The virology, epidemiology, transmission, incubation and aspects of infection control are described. Clinical features of previous and current outbreaks are described, with growing observations that the current outbreak presents with clinical features distinct from previous outbreaks.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Areas of controversy<\/jats:title><jats:p>There are variations in clinical presentations seen in the current outbreak that have not been seen in prior outbreaks. More research is needed to investigate the reasons for these differences.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Growing points<\/jats:title><jats:p>The higher numbers of HIV-positive patients in the current outbreak has allowed better description of the disease in patients co-infected with HIV and monkeypox. The absence of more severe symptoms in HIV-positive patients in the current outbreak could possibly be due to the fact that most of these patients had well-controlled HIV, although further characterization of this cohort of patients would be useful.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Areas for developing research<\/jats:title><jats:p>Current treatment and vaccination options have been extrapolated from studies of other Orthopox viruses. There remains a need for more data on the safety and efficacy of these options in the context of monkeypox infections.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/ldad002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]],"date-time":"2023-02-08T08:23:44Z","timestamp":1675844624000},"page":"17-29","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Monkeypox: a review of the 2022 outbreak"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4776-4820","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleanor Y","family":"Lim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , Cambridge CB2 0QQ , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Whitehorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , Cambridge CB2 0QQ , UK"},{"name":"Clinical Microbiology and Public Health Laboratory, Public Health England , Cambridge CB21 5XA , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucy","family":"Rivett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , Cambridge CB2 0QQ , UK"},{"name":"Clinical Microbiology and Public Health Laboratory, Public Health England , Cambridge CB21 5XA , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023040514215465900_","first-page":"2160","volume-title":"Fields Virology","author":"Knipe","year":"2013","edition":"6th"},{"key":"2023040514215465900_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a114328","article-title":"Four generations of probable person-to-person transmission of human monkeypox","volume":"123","author":"Jezek","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2023040514215465900_","first-page":"304","article-title":"Human monkeypox\u2014Kasai Oriental, Zaire, 1996-1997","volume":"46","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"1997","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2023040514215465900_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2661","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.81215-0","article-title":"A tale of two clades: monkeypox viruses","volume":"86","author":"Likos","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"2023040514215465900_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2022.102402","article-title":"Phylogenomic analysis of the monkeypox virus (MPXV) 2022 outbreak: emergence of a novel viral lineage?","volume":"49","author":"Luna","year":"2022","journal-title":"Travel Med Infect Dis"},{"key":"2023040514215465900_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13085","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-92315-8","article-title":"Genomic history of human monkey pox infections in the Central African Republic between 2001 and 2018","volume":"11","author":"Berthet","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2023040514215465900_","article-title":"ARTIC network. 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