{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T21:19:35Z","timestamp":1783113575828,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783036800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Musculoskeletal disorders frequently cause work disability. For low back pain, a de-medicalized approach is advocated, whereas a biomedical approach is taken for shoulder and elbow\/forearm pain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Sources of data<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PubMed, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Areas of agreement<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Guidelines for the management of low back pain recommend de-medicalization, rapid mobilization, avoidance of imaging, second-line use of pharmacological treatments, and an emphasis on self-management and remaining in or rapidly returning to work.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Areas of controversy<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite evidence for many treatment modalities, shoulder pain and elbow\/forearm pain are still managed using a biomedical model that separates conditions into distinct diseases and treats them accordingly.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Growing points<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Should pain at the shoulder and elbow\/forearm be de-medicalized, with greater emphasis on maintaining mobility and work participation?<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Areas timely for developing research<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Testing integrated occupational and health interventions for musculoskeletal disorders, focusing on their effectiveness in work rehabilitation and reducing disability.<\/jats:p>\n                  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