{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T10:46:50Z","timestamp":1791974810435,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791158400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Genu varum occurs more frequently among young male athletes involved in high levels of physical activity, particularly adolescent male soccer players when compared to the general population. This study provides a contemporary examination of the relationship between genu varum and participation in youth sport.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Sources of data<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic review was performed following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. The literature search was conducted in Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Embase, and CINAHL databases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Areas of agreement<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Genu varum is more prevalent among athletes than among age-matched non-athlete controls and has been reported more often in male soccer players, with overloading of the proximal medial tibial growth plate proposed as a possible contributing mechanism.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Areas of controversy<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Intercondylar-intermalleolar distance differed in younger age groups with some reporting negative values and some reporting positive values.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Growing points<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In recent years, there has been a marked improvement in the methods used to assess lower limb malalignment in young athletes. Clinical measures are simple but lack detail; whole-leg radiographs are increasingly used to capture these details.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Areas timely for developing research<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The lack of longitudinal data examining changes in lower extremity alignment with sports loading during the growth period is an important deficiency of the current research. Long-term follow-up studies are needed to clarify the nature and incidence of genu varum in young athletes, including females. Furthermore, the relationship between genu varum and non-soccer sports should be investigated so the movement and loading characteristics specific to different sports need to be evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/ldag033","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T11:12:44Z","timestamp":1790334764000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of sports participation on genu varum among youth: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"160","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4666-2117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"I\u015f\u0131n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Coaching Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Akdeniz University , Dumlup\u0131nar Bulvar\u0131, Konyaalt\u0131, Antalya 07070 ,","place":["T\u00fcrkiye"]},{"name":"School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney , 55 Botany 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