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Early termination through spatially extensive hippocampal intervention is not feasible directly, because of the large size and irregular shape of the hippocampus. In contrast, the medial septum is a promising target to govern hippocampal oscillations through its divergent connections to both hippocampi. Combining this \u2018proxy intervention\u2019 concept and precisely timed stimulation, we report here that closed-loop medial septum electrical stimulation can quickly terminate intrahippocampal seizures and suppress secondary generalization in a rat kindling model. Precise stimulus timing governed by internal seizure rhythms was essential. Cell type-specific stimulation revealed that the precisely timed activation of medial septum GABAergic neurons underlaid the effects. Our concept of time-targeted proxy stimulation for intervening pathological oscillations can be extrapolated to other neurological and psychiatric disorders, and has potential for clinical translation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awaa450","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,21]],"date-time":"2020-12-21T16:14:26Z","timestamp":1608567266000},"page":"885-908","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":82,"title":["Closed-loop stimulation of the medial septum terminates epileptic seizures"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"144","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7545-8401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuichi","family":"Takeuchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MTA-SZTE \u2018Momentum\u2019 Oscillatory Neuronal Networks Research Group, Department of Physiology, University of Szeged, Szeged 6720, Hungary"},{"name":"Department of Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 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