{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T10:49:08Z","timestamp":1787914148461,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":111,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AG067426"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AG067426"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The majority of genome-wide association studies have been conducted using samples with a broadly European genetic background. As a field, we acknowledge this limitation and the need to increase the diversity of populations studied. A major challenge when designing and conducting such studies is to assimilate large samples sizes so that we attain enough statistical power to detect variants associated with disease, particularly when trying to identify variants with low and rare minor allele frequencies. In this review, we aimed to illustrate the benefits to genetic characterization of Alzheimer\u2019s disease, in researching currently understudied populations. This is important for both fair representation of world populations and the translatability of findings. To that end, we conducted a literature search to understand the contributions of studies, on different populations, to Alzheimer\u2019s disease genetics. Using both PubMed and Alzforum Mutation Database, we systematically quantified the number of studies reporting variants in known disease-causing genes, in a worldwide manner, and discuss the contributions of research in understudied populations to the identification of novel genetic factors in this disease. Additionally, we compared the effects of genome-wide significant single nucleotide polymorphisms across populations by focusing on loci that show different association profiles between populations (a key example being APOE). Reports of variants in APP, PSEN1 and PSEN2 can initially determine whether patients from a country have been studied for Alzheimer\u2019s disease genetics. Most genome-wide significant associations in non-Hispanic white genome-wide association studies do not reach genome-wide significance in such studies of other populations, with some suggesting an opposite effect direction; this is likely due to much smaller sample sizes attained. There are, however, genome-wide significant associations first identified in understudied populations which have yet to be replicated. Familial studies in understudied populations have identified rare, high effect variants, which have been replicated in other populations. This work functions to both highlight how understudied populations have furthered our understanding of Alzheimer\u2019s disease genetics, and to help us gauge our progress in understanding the genetic architecture of this disease in all populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awab028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,5]],"date-time":"2021-02-05T03:13:13Z","timestamp":1612494793000},"page":"1067-1081","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["How understudied populations have contributed to our understanding of Alzheimer\u2019s disease genetics"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"144","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0385-7267","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nadia","family":"Dehghani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose","family":"Bras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA"},{"name":"Division of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Guerreiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA"},{"name":"Division of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021070719500528200_awab028-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-019-0358-2","article-title":"Genetic meta-analysis of diagnosed Alzheimer\u2019s disease identifies new risk loci and implicates A\u03b2, tau, immunity and lipid processing","volume":"51","author":"Kunkle","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Genet."},{"key":"2021070719500528200_awab028-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-014-0295-9","article-title":"Genetics of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"11","author":"Guerreiro","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics."},{"key":"2021070719500528200_awab028-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.63.2.168","article-title":"Role of genes and environments for explaining Alzheimer 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