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Here, we evaluate a strategy in which optogenetic activation of medial septal GABAergic neurons, which provide extensive projections throughout the hippocampus, is used to control seizures. We utilized the chronic intrahippocampal kainate mouse model of temporal lobe epilepsy, which results in spontaneous seizures and as is often the case in human patients, presents with hippocampal sclerosis. Medial septal GABAergic neuron populations were immunohistochemically labelled and were not reduced in epileptic conditions. Genetic labelling with mRuby of medial septal GABAergic neuron synaptic puncta and imaging across the rostral to caudal extent of the hippocampus, also indicated an unchanged number of putative synapses in epilepsy. Furthermore, optogenetic stimulation of medial septal GABAergic neurons consistently modulated oscillations across multiple hippocampal locations in control and epileptic conditions. Finally, wireless optogenetic stimulation of medial septal GABAergic neurons, upon electrographic detection of spontaneous hippocampal seizures, resulted in reduced seizure durations. We propose medial septal GABAergic neurons as a novel target for optogenetic control of seizures in temporal lobe epilepsy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awab042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,5]],"date-time":"2021-02-05T14:13:00Z","timestamp":1612534380000},"page":"1576-1589","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Medial septal GABAergic neurons reduce seizure duration upon optogenetic closed-loop stimulation"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"144","author":[{"given":"Katerina","family":"Hristova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, Patrick Wild Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK"},{"name":"Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain and Patrick Wild Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9969-1160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Martinez-Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, Patrick Wild Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK"},{"name":"Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain and Patrick Wild Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas C","family":"Watson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, Patrick Wild Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK"},{"name":"Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain and Patrick Wild Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5819-0340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neela K","family":"Codadu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, Patrick Wild Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK"},{"name":"Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain and Patrick Wild Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6007-893X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevan","family":"Hashemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Open Source Instruments, Watertown MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter C","family":"Kind","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, Patrick Wild Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK"},{"name":"Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain and Patrick Wild Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew F","family":"Nolan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, Patrick Wild Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK"},{"name":"Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain and Patrick Wild Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3494-4029","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfredo","family":"Gonzalez-Sulser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, Patrick Wild Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK"},{"name":"Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain and Patrick Wild Centre, 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