{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T15:14:54Z","timestamp":1786461294358,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,29]],"date-time":"2021-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616976000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute for Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Convulsive status epilepticus is the most serious manifestation of an epileptic diathesis. In the early stages (5\u201330 min), there exists class A evidence to support the efficacy of benzodiazepines as first-line treatment. As status epilepticus progresses into the later stages, the evidence for treatment becomes less robust until we are depending upon short case series and case reports for the treatment of refractory status epilepticus. However, the past year saw the publication of three randomized controlled trials in the setting of benzodiazepine-resistant established convulsive status epilepticus: the EcLiPSE and ConSEPT studies, compared levetiracetam to phenytoin in children; and the ESETT study compared fosphenytoin, levetiracetam and sodium valproate in adults and children. In addition, the emergence of data from the SENSE study, a multicentre multinational prospective cohort study and the publication of a systematic review and meta-analysis of the mortality of status epilepticus over the past 30 years, has brought the treatment of status epilepticus into sharp focus. In this update we provide a detailed analysis of these studies and their impact on clinical practice. We review contentious areas of management in status epilepticus where a consensus is lacking and advance the case for more research on existing and alternative treatment strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awab049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,9]],"date-time":"2021-02-09T05:07:55Z","timestamp":1612847275000},"page":"1336-1341","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Advances in the management of generalized convulsive status epilepticus: what have we learned?"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"144","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3390-5589","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aidan","family":"Neligan,","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Homerton University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Homerton Row, London E9 6SR, UK"},{"name":"DCEE, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjeev","family":"Rajakulendran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DCEE, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK"},{"name":"National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK"},{"name":"North Middlesex University Hospital, Sterling Way, London N18 1QX, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0812-0352","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew C","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DCEE, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK"},{"name":"National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021070801231919200_awab049-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2010.169","article-title":"Frequency and prognosis of convulsive status epilepticus of different causes: a systematic review","volume":"67","author":"Neligan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Neurol."},{"key":"2021070801231919200_awab049-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199809173391202","article-title":"A comparison of four treatments for generalized convulsive status epilepticus. 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