{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,19]],"date-time":"2026-07-19T01:02:01Z","timestamp":1784422921105,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,16]],"date-time":"2021-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621123200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P01NS097197"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P01NS097197"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006306","name":"Sigrid Jus\u00e9lius Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006306","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"University of Texas Southwestern Jimmy Elizabeth Westcott Chair in Pediatric Neurology"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Lafora disease is a fatal progressive myoclonus epilepsy. At root, it is due to constant acquisition of branches that are too long in a subgroup of glycogen molecules, leading them to precipitate and accumulate into Lafora bodies, which drive a neuroinflammatory response and neurodegeneration. As a potential therapy, we aimed to downregulate glycogen synthase, the enzyme responsible for glycogen branch elongation, in mouse models of the disease. We synthesized an antisense oligonucleotide (Gys1-ASO) that targets the mRNA of the brain-expressed glycogen synthase 1 gene (Gys1). We administered Gys1-ASO by intracerebroventricular injection and analysed the pathological hallmarks of Lafora disease, namely glycogen accumulation, Lafora body formation, and neuroinflammation. Gys1-ASO prevented Lafora body formation in young mice that had not yet formed them. In older mice that already exhibited Lafora bodies, Gys1-ASO inhibited further accumulation, markedly preventing large Lafora bodies characteristic of advanced disease. Inhibition of Lafora body formation was associated with prevention of astrogliosis and strong trends towards correction of dysregulated expression of disease immune and neuroinflammatory markers. Lafora disease manifests gradually in previously healthy teenagers. Our work provides proof of principle that an antisense oligonucleotide targeting the GYS1 mRNA could prevent, and halt progression of, this catastrophic epilepsy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awab194","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,14]],"date-time":"2021-05-14T07:09:34Z","timestamp":1620976174000},"page":"2985-2993","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["<i>Gys1<\/i>\n                    antisense therapy rescues neuropathological bases of murine Lafora disease"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"144","author":[{"given":"Saija","family":"Ahonen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6129-6103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia","family":"Nitschke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada"},{"name":"Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamar R","family":"Grossman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Antisense Drug Discovery, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Holly","family":"Kordasiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Antisense Drug Discovery, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peixiang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaochu","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dikran R","family":"Guisso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sahba","family":"Kasiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felix","family":"Nitschke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Berge A","family":"Minassian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada"},{"name":"Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2021120109191330000_awab194-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.2174\/1566524024605761","article-title":"Glycogen and its metabolism","volume":"2","author":"Roach","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr Mol 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