{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T12:37:24Z","timestamp":1784896644728,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,8]],"date-time":"2021-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633651200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005010","name":"Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005010","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The activity of frontal motor areas during hand-object interaction is coordinated by dense communication along specific white matter pathways. This architecture allows the continuous shaping of voluntary motor output but, despite extensive investigation in non-human primate studies, remains poorly understood in humans. Disclosure of this system is crucial for predicting and treatment of motor deficits after brain lesions.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>For this purpose, we investigated the effect of direct electrical stimulation on white matter pathways within the frontal lobe on hand-object manipulation. This was tested in 34 patients (15 left hemisphere, mean age 42 years, 17 male, 15 with tractography) undergoing awake neurosurgery for frontal lobe tumour removal with the aid of the brain mapping technique. The stimulation outcome was quantified based on hand-muscle activity required by task execution. The white matter pathways responsive to stimulation with an interference on muscles were identified by means of probabilistic density estimation of stimulated sites, tract-based lesion-symptom (disconnectome) analysis and diffusion tractography on the single patient level. Finally, we assessed the effect of permanent tract disconnection on motor outcome in the immediate postoperative period using a multivariate lesion-symptom mapping approach.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>The analysis showed that stimulation disrupted hand-muscle activity during task execution at 66 sites within the white matter below dorsal and ventral premotor regions. Two different EMG interference patterns associated with different structural architectures emerged: (i) an \u2018arrest\u2019 pattern, characterized by complete impairment of muscle activity associated with an abrupt task interruption, occurred when stimulating a white matter area below the dorsal premotor region. Local middle U-shaped fibres, superior fronto-striatal, corticospinal and dorsal fronto-parietal fibres intersected with this region. (ii) a \u2018clumsy\u2019 pattern, characterized by partial disruption of muscle activity associated with movement slowdown and\/or uncoordinated finger movements, occurred when stimulating a white matter area below the ventral premotor region. Ventral fronto-parietal and inferior fronto-striatal tracts intersected with this region. Finally, only resections partially including the dorsal white matter region surrounding the supplementary motor area were associated with transient upper-limb deficit (P = 0.05; 5000 permutations).<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Overall, the results identify two distinct frontal white matter regions possibly mediating different aspects of hand-object interaction via distinct sets of structural connectivity. We suggest the dorsal region, associated with arrest pattern and postoperative immediate motor deficits, to be functionally proximal to motor output implementation, while the ventral region may be involved in sensorimotor integration required for task execution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awab379","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,7]],"date-time":"2021-10-07T12:17:19Z","timestamp":1633609039000},"page":"1535-1550","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Stimulation of frontal pathways disrupts hand muscle control during object manipulation"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3178-1957","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Vigan\u00f2","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7191-2822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henrietta","family":"Howells","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MoCA Laboratory, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Rossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Rabuffetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7690-1679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guglielmo","family":"Puglisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy"},{"name":"MoCA Laboratory, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonella","family":"Leonetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Bellacicca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MoCA Laboratory, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Conti Nibali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Gay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tommaso","family":"Sciortino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriella","family":"Cerri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MoCA Laboratory, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Bello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Fornia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MoCA Laboratory, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2022052415573660200_awab379-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms8717","article-title":"The evolution of human and ape hand proportions","volume":"6","author":"Alm\u00e9cija","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2022052415573660200_awab379-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.31.060407.125547","article-title":"Descending pathways in motor control","volume":"31","author":"Lemon","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annu Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"7","key":"2022052415573660200_awab379-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(90)90107-L","article-title":"Functional architecture of basal ganglia circuits: Neural substrates of parallel processing","volume":"13","author":"Alexander","year":"1990","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"issue":"44","key":"2022052415573660200_awab379-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11860","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3644-07.2007","article-title":"Converging evidence for a fronto-basal-ganglia network for inhibitory control of action and cognition","volume":"27","author":"Aron","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2022052415573660200_awab379-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2017.01.017","article-title":"The macaque lateral grasping network: A neural substrate for generating purposeful hand actions","volume":"75","author":"Borra","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"2022052415573660200_awab379-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.051508.135409","article-title":"Neural mechanisms for interacting with a world full of action choices","volume":"33","author":"Cisek","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annu Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"11","key":"2022052415573660200_awab379-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2017.119","article-title":"Motor cortex - To act or not to act?","volume":"18","author":"Ebbesen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"9","key":"2022052415573660200_awab379-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-018-0045-9","article-title":"Decision-making in sensorimotor control","volume":"19","author":"Gallivan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022052415573660200_awab379-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-18920-9","article-title":"Brain disconnections link structural connectivity with function and behaviour","volume":"11","author":"Thiebaut de Schotten","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"32","key":"2022052415573660200_awab379-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11660","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1777-11.2011","article-title":"Multiple parietal-frontal pathways mediate grasping in macaque monkeys","volume":"31","author":"Gharbawie","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"23","key":"2022052415573660200_awab379-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4404","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2094-18.2019","article-title":"Corticocortical systems underlying high-order motor control","volume":"39","author":"Battaglia-Mayer","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"8","key":"2022052415573660200_awab379-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2533","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-020-02142-2","article-title":"Reproducing macaque lateral grasping and oculomotor networks using resting state functional connectivity and diffusion tractography","volume":"225","author":"Howells","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Struct Funct"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022052415573660200_awab379-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2007.09.013","article-title":"Mapping behavioral repertoire onto the cortex","volume":"56","author":"Graziano","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022052415573660200_awab379-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-14517-4","article-title":"Direct electrical stimulation of the premotor cortex shuts down awareness of voluntary actions","volume":"11","author":"Fornia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2022052415573660200_awab379-B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/med\/9780199541164.001.0001","volume-title":"Atlas of human brain connections","author":"Catani","year":"2012"},{"issue":"10","key":"2022052415573660200_awab379-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2094","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1650-18.2019","article-title":"Differences in frontal network anatomy across primate species","volume":"40","author":"Barrett","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"8","key":"2022052415573660200_awab379-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2182","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awz181","article-title":"Neurotechnology-aided interventions for upper limb motor rehabilitation in severe chronic stroke","volume":"142","author":"Coscia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022052415573660200_awab379-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2020.01.039","article-title":"Review advanced neurotechnologies for the restoration of motor function","volume":"105","author":"Micera","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"8","key":"2022052415573660200_awab379-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/not327","article-title":"Tailoring neurophysiological strategies with clinical context enhances resection and safety and expands indications in gliomas involving motor pathways","volume":"16","author":"Bello","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2022052415573660200_awab379-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2015.51","article-title":"Stimulation mapping of white matter tracts to study brain functional connectivity","volume":"11","author":"Duffau","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2022052415573660200_awab379-B21","first-page":"2451","article-title":"Frontal pathways in cognitive control: Direct evidence from intraoperative stimulation and diffusion tractography","volume":"142","author":"Puglisi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2022052415573660200_awab379-B22","first-page":"65","volume-title":"Introduction to diffusion tensor imaging","author":"Mori S, Tournier JD. Moving beyond DTI: High Angular Resolution Diffusion Imaging (HARDI)","year":"2014"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022052415573660200_awab379-B23","first-page":"1532","article-title":"Asymmetry and structure of the fronto-parietal networks underlie visuomotor processing in humans","volume":"27","author":"Budisavljevic","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"issue":"7","key":"2022052415573660200_awab379-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2482","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhy040","article-title":"Frontoparietal tracts linked to lateralized hand preference and manual specialization","volume":"28","author":"Howells","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022052415573660200_awab379-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/gigascience\/giy004","article-title":"Advanced lesion symptom mapping analyses and implementation as BCBtoolkit","volume":"7","author":"Foulon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gigascience"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022052415573660200_awab379-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhz139","article-title":"Direct electrical stimulation of premotor areas: Different effects on hand muscle activity during object manipulation","volume":"30","author":"Fornia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"2022052415573660200_awab379-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.116215","article-title":"Large scale networks for human hand-object interaction: Functionally distinct roles for two premotor regions identified intraoperatively","volume":"204","author":"Simone","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2022052415573660200_awab379-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2018.12.011","article-title":"Anatomo-functional characterisation of the human \u201chand-knob\u201d: A direct electrophysiological study","volume":"113","author":"Vigan\u00f2","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"2022052415573660200_awab379-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2021.01.005","article-title":"Negative motor responses to direct electrical stimulation: Behavioral assessment hides different effects on muscles","volume":"137","author":"Vigan\u00f2","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022052415573660200_awab379-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662039","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.662039","article-title":"Factors influencing mood disorders and health related quality of life in adults with glioma: A longitudinal study","volume":"11","author":"Leonetti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"2022052415573660200_awab379-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noaa225","article-title":"Association of supratotal resection with progression-free survival, malignant transformation, and overall survival in lower-grade gliomas","author":"Rossi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022052415573660200_awab379-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.3171\/2019.5.JNS19453","article-title":"Resection of tumors within the primary motor cortex using high-frequency stimulation: Oncological and functional efficiency of this versatile approach based on clinical conditions","volume":"133","author":"Rossi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022052415573660200_awab379-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.3171\/2017.7.JNS17357","article-title":"Assessment of the praxis circuit in glioma surgery to reduce the incidence of postoperative and long-term apraxia: A new intraoperative test","volume":"130","author":"Rossi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"2022052415573660200_awab379-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2020.01485","article-title":"Preserving visual functions during gliomas resection: Feasibility and efficacy of a novel intraoperative task for awake brain surgery","volume":"10","author":"Conti Nibali","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2022052415573660200_awab379-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.1.JNS13909","article-title":"Continuous dynamic mapping of the corticospinal tract during surgery of motor eloquent brain tumors: Evaluation of a new method","volume":"120","author":"Raabe","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"2022052415573660200_awab379-B36","article-title":"Is supratotal resection achievable in low-grade gliomas? Feasibility, putative factors, safety, and functional outcome","author":"Rossi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022052415573660200_awab379-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.2307\/1932409","article-title":"Measures of the amount of ecologic association between species","volume":"26","author":"Dice","year":"1945","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022052415573660200_awab379-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/S1076-6332(03)00671-8","article-title":"Statistical validation of image segmentation quality based on a spatial overlap index","volume":"11","author":"Zou","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acad Radiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2022052415573660200_awab379-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1993.78.5.0785","article-title":"Optical imaging of bipolar cortical stimulation","volume":"78","author":"Haglund","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"2022052415573660200_awab379-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2014.01.060","article-title":"Permutation inference for the general linear model","volume":"92","author":"Winkler","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2022052415573660200_awab379-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2018.05.027","article-title":"Population-averaged atlas of the macroscale human structural connectome and its network topology","volume":"178","author":"Yeh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022052415573660200_awab379-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.02.004","article-title":"Three-dimensional locations and boundaries of motor and premotor cortices as defined by functional brain imaging: A meta-analysis","volume":"31","author":"Mayka","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"5","key":"2022052415573660200_awab379-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1685","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhx066","article-title":"A template and probabilistic atlas of the human sensorimotor tracts using diffusion MRI","volume":"28","author":"Archer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"2022052415573660200_awab379-B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","volume-title":"Diffusion weighted image co-registration: Investigation of best practices","author":"Chen","DOI":"10.1101\/864108"},{"issue":"10","key":"2022052415573660200_awab379-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2464","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.22080","article-title":"Can spherical deconvolution provide more information than fiber orientations? Hindrance modulated orientational anisotropy, a true-tract specific index to characterize white matter diffusion","volume":"34","author":"Dell'Acqua","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"issue":"11","key":"2022052415573660200_awab379-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4169","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.24289","article-title":"A multivariate lesion symptom mapping toolbox and examination of lesion-volume biases and correction methods in lesion-symptom mapping","volume":"39","author":"DeMarco","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022052415573660200_awab379-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1980.00500500036003","article-title":"Imitating gestures: A quantitative approach to ideomotor apraxia","volume":"37","author":"De Renzi","year":"1980","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2022052415573660200_awab379-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5861","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.22590","article-title":"Multivariate lesion-symptom mapping using support vector regression","volume":"35","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022052415573660200_awab379-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2001.0978","article-title":"Automated anatomical labeling of activations in SPM using a macroscopic anatomical parcellation of the MNI MRI single-subject brain","volume":"15","author":"Tzourio-Mazoyer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022052415573660200_awab379-B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.3171\/2008.9.JNS08414","article-title":"The motor-evoked potential threshold evaluated by tractography and electrical stimulation: Clinical article","volume":"111","author":"Kamada","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022052415573660200_awab379-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.3171\/2010.8.JNS10639","article-title":"Intraoperative mapping and monitoring of the corticospinal tracts with neurophysiological assessment and 3-dimensional ultrasonography-based navigation. Clinical article","volume":"114","author":"Nossek","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022052415573660200_awab379-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e31823020e6","article-title":"Accuracy of diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging-based tractography for surgery of gliomas near the pyramidal TractA significant correlation between subcortical electrical stimulation and postoperative tractography","volume":"70","author":"Ohue","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022052415573660200_awab379-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.3171\/2010.9.JNS10481","article-title":"Intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging\u2013guided tractography with integrated monopolar subcortical functional mapping for resection of brain tumors: Clinical article","volume":"114","author":"Prabhu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"5","key":"2022052415573660200_awab379-B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.05.009","article-title":"The effects of direct brain stimulation in humans depend on frequency, amplitude, and white-matter proximity","volume":"13","author":"Mohan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"issue":"7","key":"2022052415573660200_awab379-B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2170","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.120.029508","article-title":"Corticospinal fibers with different origins impact motor outcome and brain after subcortical stroke","volume":"51","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"Pt 7","key":"2022052415573660200_awab379-B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1844","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awl106","article-title":"Non-invasive mapping of corticofugal fibres from multiple motor areas\u2014relevance to stroke recovery","volume":"129","author":"Newton","year":"2006","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2022052415573660200_awab379-B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2016.00079","article-title":"Influence of corticospinal tracts from higher order motor cortices on recruitment curve properties in stroke","volume":"10","author":"Potter-Baker","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"issue":"5","key":"2022052415573660200_awab379-B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.22218","article-title":"Selective long-term reorganization of the corticospinal projection from the supplementary motor cortex following recovery from lateral motor cortex injury","volume":"518","author":"McNeal","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"issue":"16","key":"2022052415573660200_awab379-B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2761","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.24706","article-title":"Terminal organization of the corticospinal projection from the lateral premotor cortex to the cervical enlargement (C5\u2013T1) in rhesus monkey","volume":"527","author":"Morecraft","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2022052415573660200_awab379-B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e100865","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0100865","article-title":"Rostro-caudal inhibition of hindlimb movements in the spinal cord of mice","volume":"9","author":"Caggiano","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022052415573660200_awab379-B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(68)90216-3","article-title":"The suppression of arm movements in monkeys: Threshold variations of caudate nucleus stimulation","volume":"10","author":"Kitsikis","year":"1968","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"2022052415573660200_awab379-B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(68)90163-7","article-title":"The effect of caudate stimulation on conditioned motor behavior in monkeys","volume":"3","author":"Kitsikis","year":"1968","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"issue":"12","key":"2022052415573660200_awab379-B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn4038","article-title":"A fronto-striato-subthalamic-pallidal network for goal-directed and habitual inhibition","volume":"16","author":"Jahanshahi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"45","key":"2022052415573660200_awab379-B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11489","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2348-16.2016","article-title":"Frontosubthalamic circuits for control of action and cognition","volume":"36","author":"Aron","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"11","key":"2022052415573660200_awab379-B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3023","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.22122","article-title":"Subcortical electrostimulation to identify network subserving motor control","volume":"34","author":"Schucht","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"issue":"6","key":"2022052415573660200_awab379-B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3399","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-014-0863-0","article-title":"Role of fronto-striatal tract and frontal aslant tract in movement and speech: An axonal mapping study","volume":"220","author":"Kinoshita","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Struct Funct"},{"issue":"24","key":"2022052415573660200_awab379-B67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5960","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0462-17.2017","article-title":"Contrasting modulatory effects from the dorsal and ventral premotor cortex on primary motor cortex outputs","volume":"37","author":"C\u00f4t\u00e9","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2022052415573660200_awab379-B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7312\/rose91600","volume-title":"Intercortical Systems of the Human Cerebrum","author":"Rosett","year":"1933"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022052415573660200_awab379-B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2011.12.001","article-title":"Short frontal lobe connections of the human brain","volume":"48","author":"Catani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"2022052415573660200_awab379-B70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.11.066","article-title":"Reproducibility of superficial white matter tracts using diffusion-weighted imaging tractography","volume":"147","author":"Guevara","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"41","key":"2022052415573660200_awab379-B71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaaz9281","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aaz9281","article-title":"Superficial white matter imaging: Contrast mechanisms and whole-brain in vivo mapping","volume":"6","author":"Kirilina","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"issue":"19","key":"2022052415573660200_awab379-B72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4223","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1574-20.2021","article-title":"Distinct functional and structural connectivity of the human hand-knob supported by intraoperative findings","volume":"41","author":"Simone","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2022052415573660200_awab379-B73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.03.018","article-title":"The role of left fronto-parietal tracts in hand selection: Evidence from neurosurgery","volume":"128","author":"Howells","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"2022052415573660200_awab379-B74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2018.09.024","article-title":"Large-scale temporo\u2013parieto\u2013frontal networks for motor and cognitive motor functions in the primate brain","volume":"118","author":"Borra","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"2022052415573660200_awab379-B75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e40520","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.40520","article-title":"Functionally defined white matter of the macaque monkey brain reveals a dorso-ventral attention network","volume":"8","author":"Sani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Elife"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022052415573660200_awab379-B76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1992.sp019243","article-title":"Interhemispheric inhibition of the human motor cortex","volume":"453","author":"Ferbert","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"2022052415573660200_awab379-B77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2002.017673","article-title":"The mechanisms of interhemispheric inhibition in the human motor cortex","volume":"543","author":"Daskalakis","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022052415573660200_awab379-B78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410430314","article-title":"Topography of fibers in the human corpus callosum mediating interhemispheric inhibition between the motor cortices","volume":"43","author":"Meyer","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2022052415573660200_awab379-B79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhh186","article-title":"Segmentation of subcomponents within the superior longitudinal fascicle in humans: A quantitative, in vivo, DT-MRI study","volume":"15","author":"Makris","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"issue":"10","key":"2022052415573660200_awab379-B80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2905","article-title":"A lateralized brain network for visuospatial attention","volume":"14","author":"Thiebaut de Schotten","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"2022052415573660200_awab379-B81","volume-title":"Gehirnpathologie","author":"Kleist","year":"1934"},{"issue":"5","key":"2022052415573660200_awab379-B82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/123.5.860","article-title":"Limb apraxias. Higher-order disorders of sensorimotor integration","volume":"123","author":"Leiguarda","year":"2000","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"Pt 3","key":"2022052415573660200_awab379-B83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/124.3.571","article-title":"Cortical mechanism for the visual guidance of hand grasping movements in the monkey: A reversible inactivation study","volume":"124","author":"Fogassi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"8","key":"2022052415573660200_awab379-B84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2260","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3386-05.2006","article-title":"Dissociating the role of ventral and dorsal premotor cortex in precision grasping","volume":"26","author":"Davare","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2022052415573660200_awab379-B85","first-page":"1020","article-title":"Dominance of the right hemisphere and role of area 2 in human kinesthesia","author":"Naito","year":"2005"},{"issue":"14","key":"2022052415573660200_awab379-B86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3783","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4835-05.2006","article-title":"Somatic sensation of hand-object interactive movement is associated with activity in the left inferior parietal cortex","volume":"26","author":"Naito","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"7","key":"2022052415573660200_awab379-B87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3096","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhv135","article-title":"Corticostriate projections from areas of the \u201clateral grasping network\u201d: Evidence for multiple hand-related input channels","volume":"26","author":"Gerbella","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"issue":"Pt 8","key":"2022052415573660200_awab379-B88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2619","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awt163","article-title":"A novel frontal pathway underlies verbal fluency in primary progressive aphasia","volume":"136","author":"Catani","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"9","key":"2022052415573660200_awab379-B89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1097\/WNR.0000000000000597","article-title":"Language, aging, and cognition: Frontal aslant tract and superior longitudinal fasciculus contribute toward working memory performance in older adults","volume":"27","author":"Rizio","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"2022052415573660200_awab379-B90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.10.051","article-title":"The role of the frontal aslant tract and premotor connections in visually guided hand movements","volume":"146","author":"Budisavljevic","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"5","key":"2022052415573660200_awab379-B91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.57.5.871","article-title":"Role of the supplementary motor area in motor deficit following medial frontal lobe surgery","volume":"57","author":"Krainik","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2022052415573660200_awab379-B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2014.11.006","article-title":"White matter integrity of premotor-motor connections is associated with motor output in chronic stroke patients","volume":"7","author":"Schulz","year":"2015","journal-title":"NeuroImage Clin"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022052415573660200_awab379-B93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-56334-w","article-title":"Premotor dorsal white matter integrity for the prediction of upper limb motor impairment after stroke","volume":"9","author":"Boccuni","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2022052415573660200_awab379-B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21203\/RS.3.RS-589114\/V1","article-title":"Tracing in vivo the dorsal loop of the optic radiation: convergent perspectives from tractography and electrophysiology compared to a neuroanatomical ground truth","author":"Rizzi","journal-title":"Res Sq. [Preprint]"}],"container-title":["Brain"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/brain\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/brain\/awab379\/43217145\/awab379.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/brain\/article-pdf\/145\/4\/1535\/43811961\/awab379.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/brain\/article-pdf\/145\/4\/1535\/43811961\/awab379.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,24]],"date-time":"2022-05-24T16:01:15Z","timestamp":1653408075000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/brain\/article\/145\/4\/1535\/6384573"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,8]]},"references-count":94,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,24]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awab379","relation":{},"ISSN":["0006-8950","1460-2156"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0006-8950","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-2156","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,8]]}}}