{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T03:37:41Z","timestamp":1792640261862,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":185,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,10]],"date-time":"2022-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644451200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The arcuate fasciculus has been considered a major dorsal fronto-temporal white matter pathway linking frontal language production regions with auditory perception in the superior temporal gyrus, the so-called Wernicke\u2019s area. In line with this tradition, both historical and contemporary models of language function have assigned primacy to superior temporal projections of the arcuate fasciculus. However, classical anatomical descriptions and emerging behavioural data are at odds with this assumption. On one hand, fronto-temporal projections to Wernicke\u2019s area may not be unique to the arcuate fasciculus. On the other hand, dorsal stream language deficits have been reported also for damage to middle, inferior and basal temporal gyri that may be linked to arcuate disconnection. These findings point to a reappraisal of arcuate projections in the temporal lobe. Here, we review anatomical and functional evidence regarding the temporal cortical terminations of the left arcuate fasciculus by incorporating dissection and tractography findings with stimulation data using cortico\u2013cortical evoked potentials and direct electrical stimulation mapping in awake patients. First, we discuss the fibres of the arcuate fasciculus projecting to the superior temporal gyrus and the functional rostro-caudal gradient in this region where both phonological encoding and auditory-motor transformation may be performed. Caudal regions within the temporoparietal junction may be involved in articulation and associated with temporoparietal projections of the third branch of the superior longitudinal fasciculus, while more rostral regions may support encoding of acoustic phonetic features, supported by arcuate fibres. We then move to examine clinical data showing that multimodal phonological encoding is facilitated by projections of the arcuate fasciculus to superior, but also middle, inferior and basal temporal regions. Hence, we discuss how projections of the arcuate fasciculus may contribute to acoustic (middle-posterior superior and middle temporal gyri), visual (posterior inferior temporal\/fusiform gyri comprising the visual word form area) and lexical (anterior-middle inferior temporal\/fusiform gyri in the basal temporal language area) information in the temporal lobe to be processed, encoded and translated into a dorsal phonological route to the frontal lobe. Finally, we point out surgical implications for this model in terms of the prediction and avoidance of neurological deficit.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awac057","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,8]],"date-time":"2022-02-08T20:12:45Z","timestamp":1644351165000},"page":"1242-1256","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["Controversy over the temporal cortical terminations of the left arcuate fasciculus: a reappraisal"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"145","author":[{"given":"Davide","family":"Giampiccolo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University Hospital, Verona, Italy"},{"name":"Institute of Neuroscience, Cleveland Clinic London, Grosvenor Place, London, UK"},{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK"},{"name":"Victor Horsley Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6558-2342","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hugues","family":"Duffau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier University Medical Center, Montpellier, France"},{"name":"Team \u2018Neuroplasticity, Stem Cells and Low-grade Gliomas\u2019, INSERM U1191, Institute of Genomics of Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2022052416121809500_awac057-B1","first-page":"235","article-title":"Perte de la parole, ramollissement chronique et destruction partielle du lobe ant\u00e9rieur gauche du cerveau","volume":"2","author":"Broca","year":"1861","journal-title":"Bull Soc 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