{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:32:51Z","timestamp":1788222771928,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":117,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,21]],"date-time":"2022-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655769600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000055","name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P50 DC014664"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P50 DC014664"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000055","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000055","name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01 DC011739"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 DC011739"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000055","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000055","name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 DC014021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 DC014021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000055","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Wernicke\u2019s area has been assumed since the 1800s to be the primary region supporting word and sentence comprehension. However, in 2015 and 2019, Mesulam and colleagues raised what they termed the \u2018Wernicke conundrum\u2019, noting widespread variability in the anatomical definition of this area and presenting data from primary progressive aphasia that challenged this classical assumption. To resolve the conundrum, they posited a \u2018double disconnection\u2019 hypothesis: that word and sentence comprehension deficits in stroke-based aphasia result from disconnection of anterior temporal and inferior frontal regions from other parts of the brain due to white matter damage, rather than dysfunction of Wernicke\u2019s area itself.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>To test this hypothesis, we performed lesion-deficit correlations, including connectome-based lesion-symptom mapping, in four large, partially overlapping groups of English-speaking chronic left hemisphere stroke survivors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>After removing variance due to object recognition and associative semantic processing, the same middle and posterior temporal lobe regions were implicated in both word comprehension deficits and complex non-canonical sentence comprehension deficits. Connectome lesion-symptom mapping revealed similar temporal-occipital white matter disconnections for impaired word and non-canonical sentence comprehension, including the temporal pole. We found an additional significant temporal-parietal disconnection for non-canonical sentence comprehension deficits, which may indicate a role for phonological working memory in processing complex syntax, but no significant frontal disconnections. Moreover, damage to these middle-posterior temporal lobe regions was associated with both word and non-canonical sentence comprehension deficits even when accounting for variance due to the strongest anterior temporal and inferior frontal white matter disconnections, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Our results largely agree with the classical notion that Wernicke\u2019s area, defined here as middle superior temporal gyrus and middle-posterior superior temporal sulcus, supports both word and sentence comprehension, suggest a supporting role for temporal pole in both word and sentence comprehension, and speak against the hypothesis that comprehension deficits in Wernicke\u2019s aphasia result from double disconnection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awac219","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,21]],"date-time":"2022-06-21T14:36:45Z","timestamp":1655822205000},"page":"3916-3930","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["The Wernicke conundrum revisited: evidence from connectome-based lesion-symptom mapping"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2530-8429","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William","family":"Matchin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of South Carolina , Columbia, SC 29208 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dirk-Bart","family":"den Ouden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of South Carolina , Columbia, SC 29208 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory","family":"Hickok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of California, Irvine , Irvine, CA 92697 , USA"},{"name":"Department of Language Science, University of California, Irvine , Irvine, CA 92697 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5192-1171","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Argye E","family":"Hillis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD 21218 , USA"},{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD 21218 , USA"},{"name":"Department of Cognitive Science, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, MD 21218 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonardo","family":"Bonilha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA 30322 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julius","family":"Fridriksson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of South Carolina , Columbia, SC 29208 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2423","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awv154","article-title":"The Wernicke conundrum and the anatomy of language comprehension in primary progressive aphasia","volume":"138","author":"Mesulam","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1976.tb25546.x","article-title":"Wernicke\u2019s region\u2014Where is it?","volume":"280","author":"Bogen","year":"1976","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2016.08.004","article-title":"Broca and Wernicke are dead, or moving past the classic model of language neurobiology","volume":"162","author":"Tremblay","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Lang"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1038\/scientificamerican0472-76","article-title":"Language and the brain","volume":"226","author":"Geschwind","year":"1972","journal-title":"Sci Am"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1038\/scientificamerican0979-180","article-title":"Specializations of the human brain","volume":"241","author":"Geschwind","year":"1979","journal-title":"Sci Am"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/7.4.433","article-title":"On aphasia","volume":"7","author":"Lichtheim","year":"1885","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B7","first-page":"34","volume-title":"Boston studies in the philosophy of science","author":"Wernicke","year":"1874"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24941","article-title":"Brain regions essential for word comprehension: Drawing inferences from patients: Lesion-deficit mapping","volume":"81","author":"Hillis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199202203260806","article-title":"Aphasia","volume":"326","author":"Damasio","year":"1992","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000265600.69385.6f","article-title":"Aphasia: Progress in the last quarter of a century","volume":"69","author":"Hillis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B11","volume-title":"The pyramids and palm trees test: A test of semantic access from words and pictures","author":"Howard","year":"1992"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e224","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000006788","article-title":"Word comprehension in temporal cortex and Wernicke area: A PPA perspective","volume":"92","author":"Mesulam","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.113.004137","article-title":"Assessing the clinical effect of residual cortical disconnection after ischemic strokes","volume":"45","author":"Bonilha","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1155\/2007\/785280","article-title":"Severe Broca\u2019s aphasia without Broca\u2019s area damage","volume":"18","author":"Fridriksson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Behav Neurol"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2008.04.002","article-title":"The arcuate fasciculus and the disconnection theme in language and aphasia: History and current state","volume":"44","author":"Catani","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-neuro-071013-013847","article-title":"The neurobiology of language beyond single words","volume":"37","author":"Hagoort","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annu Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2532","article-title":"A cortical network for semantics: (De)constructing the N400","volume":"9","author":"Lau","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2020.117444","article-title":"The neural correlates of semantic control revisited","volume":"224","author":"Jackson","year":"2021","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2767","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhp055","article-title":"Where is the semantic system? A critical review and meta-analysis of 120 functional neuroimaging studies","volume":"19","author":"Binder","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2020.104348","article-title":"Lack of selectivity for syntax relative to word meanings throughout the language network","volume":"203","author":"Fedorenko","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhz180","article-title":"The cortical organization of syntax","volume":"30","author":"Matchin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2003.11.002","article-title":"Lesion analysis of the brain areas involved in language comprehension","volume":"92","author":"Dronkers","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003683","article-title":"Lesion localization of speech comprehension deficits in chronic aphasia","volume":"88","author":"Pillay","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1946","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2012.04.019","article-title":"Lesion analysis of cortical regions associated with the comprehension of nonreversible and reversible yes\/no questions","volume":"50","author":"Race","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_01200","article-title":"The neurobiology of agrammatic sentence comprehension: A lesion study","volume":"30","author":"Rogalsky","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Cogn Neurosci"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00118","article-title":"The neural basis of reversible sentence comprehension: Evidence from voxel-based lesion symptom mapping in aphasia","volume":"24","author":"Thothathiri","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Cogn Neurosci"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1162\/089892904322984535","article-title":"Grammaticality judgment in aphasia: Deficits are not specific to syntactic structures, aphasic syndromes, or lesion sites","volume":"16","author":"Wilson","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Cogn Neurosci"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.07.057","article-title":"Network modulation during complex syntactic processing","volume":"59","author":"den Ouden","year":"2012","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6282","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1331-07.2007","article-title":"Anatomical correlates of sentence comprehension and verbal working memory in neurodegenerative disease","volume":"27","author":"Amici","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awx363","article-title":"Anatomy of aphasia revisited","volume":"141","author":"Fridriksson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2715","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.22096","article-title":"Damage to left anterior temporal cortex predicts impairment of complex syntactic processing: A lesion-symptom mapping study: ATL damage impairs complex syntax processing","volume":"34","author":"Magnusdottir","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2011.09.014","article-title":"Syntactic processing depends on dorsal language tracts","volume":"72","author":"Wilson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2006.07.014","article-title":"Neural correlates of arithmetic and language comprehension: A common substrate?","volume":"45","author":"Baldo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2370","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awx169","article-title":"Temporal lobe networks supporting the comprehension of spoken words","volume":"140","author":"Bonilha","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ENEURO.0204-17.2017","DOI":"10.1523\/ENEURO.0204-17.2017","article-title":"Mapping language networks using the structural and dynamic brain connectomes","volume":"4","author":"Del Gaizo","year":"2017","journal-title":"eNeuro"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6668","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4396-15.2016","article-title":"Multivariate connectome-based symptom mapping in post-stroke patients: Networks supporting language and speech","volume":"36","author":"Yourganov","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2010.12.001","article-title":"Conduction aphasia, sensory-motor integration, and phonological short-term memory \u2013 An aggregate analysis of lesion and fMRI data","volume":"119","author":"Buchsbaum","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain Lang"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2018.11.010","article-title":"A sensorimotor view of verbal working memory","volume":"112","author":"Buchsbaum","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1162\/089892903322307393","article-title":"Auditory\u2013motor interaction revealed by fMRI: Speech, music, and working memory in area SPT","volume":"15","author":"Hickok","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Cogn Neurosci"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.01.039","article-title":"Functional dissociations within the inferior parietal cortex in verbal working memory","volume":"22","author":"Ravizza","year":"2004","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B41","volume-title":"Western aphasia battery-revised","author":"Kertesz","year":"2007"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1250","DOI":"10.1080\/02687038.2012.693584","article-title":"Verb and sentence production and comprehension in aphasia: Northwestern assessment of verbs and sentences (NAVS)","volume":"26","author":"Cho-Reyes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Aphasiology"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B43","volume-title":"Setningafr\u00e6\u00f0ipr\u00f3f (Test of syntax)","author":"Magnusdottir","year":"2005"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2153","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.24514","article-title":"Cortical and structural-connectivity damage correlated with impaired syntactic processing in aphasia","volume":"40","author":"den Ouden","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1162\/nol_a_00010","article-title":"Agrammatism and paragrammatism: A cortical double dissociation revealed by lesion-symptom mapping","volume":"14","author":"Matchin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurobiol Lang"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B46","first-page":"121","article-title":"The Philadelphia naming test: Scoring and rationale","volume":"24","author":"Roach","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Aphasiol"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B47","volume-title":"Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination (BDAE)","author":"Goodglass","year":"1983","edition":"2nd edn"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1080\/02687038.2011.589893","article-title":"Aphasiabank: Methods for studying discourse","volume":"25","author":"MacWhinney","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aphasiology"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.02.018","article-title":"Unified segmentation","volume":"26","author":"Ashburner","year":"2005","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.03.078","article-title":"Atlas-based analysis of resting-state functional connectivity: Evaluation for reproducibility and multi-modal anatomy\u2013function correlation studies","volume":"61","author":"Faria","year":"2012","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2015.07.013","article-title":"AICHA: An atlas of intrinsic connectivity of homotopic areas","volume":"254","author":"Joliot","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neurosci Methods"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B52","author":"JASP Team","year":"2020"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-9452(80)80011-6","article-title":"Factors influencing type and severity of aphasia","volume":"16","author":"Basso","year":"1980","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-934X(79)90038-5","article-title":"Computer tomographic localization, lesion size, and prognosis in aphasia and nonverbal impairment","volume":"8","author":"Kertesz","year":"1979","journal-title":"Brain Lang"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1080\/02687038.2020.1712587","article-title":"Factors affecting vascular aphasia severity","volume":"35","author":"Lahiri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aphasiology"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4169","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.24289","article-title":"A multivariate lesion symptom mapping toolbox and examination of lesion-volume biases and correction methods in lesion-symptom mapping","volume":"39","author":"DeMarco","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.25278","article-title":"An empirical comparison of univariate versus multivariate methods for the analysis of brain\u2013behavior mapping","volume":"42","author":"Ivanova","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118432501.ch28","volume-title":"The handbook of the neuropsychology of language","author":"Baldo","year":"2012"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.09.018","article-title":"Probabilistic diffusion tractography with multiple fibre orientations: What can we gain?","volume":"34","author":"Behrens","year":"2007","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E505","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1113427109","article-title":"Phoneme and word recognition in the auditory ventral stream","volume":"109","author":"DeWitt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.04.023","article-title":"The encoding of speech sounds in the superior temporal gyrus","volume":"102","author":"Yi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B62","volume-title":"Lehrbuch Der Gehirnkrankheiten","author":"Wernicke","year":"1881"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-017-0764-8","article-title":"Current controversies on Wernicke\u2019s area and its role in language","volume":"17","author":"Binder","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/9780262036924.001.0001","volume-title":"Language in our brain: The origins of a uniquely human capacity","author":"Friederici","year":"2017"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2021.06.003","article-title":"Stable brain loci for the processing of complex syntax: A review of the current neuroimaging evidence","volume":"142","author":"Grodzinsky","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aax0289","article-title":"The neurobiology of language beyond single-word processing","volume":"366","author":"Hagoort","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2007.2158","article-title":"Fronto-temporal brain systems supporting spoken language comprehension","volume":"363","author":"Tyler","year":"2008","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc B Biol Sci"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-407794-2.00076-6","volume-title":"Neurobiology of language","author":"Ullman","year":"2016"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4689","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhu152","article-title":"Chronic Broca\u2019s aphasia is caused by damage to Broca\u2019s and Wernicke\u2019s areas","volume":"25","author":"Fridriksson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31829d87df","article-title":"Primary progressive aphasia and the language network: The 2013 H. Houston Merritt lecture","volume":"81","author":"Mesulam","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181ea15e8","article-title":"Cortical neuroanatomic correlates of symptom severity in primary progressive aphasia","volume":"75","author":"Sapolsky","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16845","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2547-10.2010","article-title":"Neural correlates of syntactic processing in the nonfluent variant of primary progressive aphasia","volume":"30","author":"Wilson","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2069","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awq129","article-title":"Connected speech production in three variants of primary progressive aphasia","volume":"133","author":"Wilson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2017.06.011","article-title":"Reviewing the functional basis of the syntactic merge mechanism for language: A coordinate-based activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis","volume":"80","author":"Zaccarella","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-407794-2.00048-1","volume-title":"Neurobiology of language","author":"Meyer","year":"2016"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1162\/nol_a_00025","article-title":"Neuroplasticity in post-stroke aphasia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of functional imaging studies of reorganization of language processing","volume":"2","author":"Wilson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurobiol Lang"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_01478","article-title":"Brain damage associated with impaired sentence processing in acute aphasia","volume":"32","author":"Kristinsson","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cogn Neurosci"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423-012-0369-9","article-title":"Memory mechanisms supporting syntactic comprehension","volume":"20","author":"Caplan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychon Bull Rev"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-0277(98)00034-1","article-title":"Linguistic complexity: Locality of syntactic dependencies","volume":"68","author":"Gibson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.99.1.122","article-title":"A capacity theory of comprehension: Individual differences in working memory","volume":"99","author":"Just","year":"1992","journal-title":"Psychol Rev"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2006.08.007","article-title":"Computational principles of working memory in sentence comprehension","volume":"10","author":"Lewis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B82","first-page":"419","volume-title":"Handbook of mathematical psychology","author":"Miller","year":"1963"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.3758\/CABN.5.3.263","article-title":"Cognitive control and parsing: Reexamining the role of Broca\u2019s area in sentence comprehension","volume":"5","author":"Novick","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/neuro.09.014.2008","article-title":"Broca\u2019s area, sentence comprehension, and working memory: An fMRI study","volume":"2","author":"Rogalsky","year":"2008","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-6613(02)01947-2","article-title":"The brain circuitry of syntactic comprehension","volume":"6","author":"Kaan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1682","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423-017-1377-6","article-title":"A neuronal retuning hypothesis of sentence-specificity in Broca\u2019s area","volume":"25","author":"Matchin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychon Bull Rev"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1664","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2010.21530","article-title":"The role of Broca's area in sentence comprehension","volume":"23","author":"Rogalsky","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Cogn Neurosci"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lingua.2004.01.013","article-title":"Rethinking the neurological basis of language","volume":"115","author":"Stowe","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lingua"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1080\/02687038.2014.919436","article-title":"Role for memory capacity in sentence comprehension: Evidence from acute stroke","volume":"28","author":"Pettigrew","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aphasiology"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1207\/s15516709cog2505_2","article-title":"Role of left posterior superior temporal gyrus in phonological processing for speech perception and production","volume":"25","author":"Buchsbaum","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cogn Sci"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1080\/14640748108400802","article-title":"The role of subvocalisation in reading","volume":"33","author":"Baddeley","year":"1981","journal-title":"Q J Exp Psychol Sect A"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X99001788","article-title":"Verbal working memory and sentence comprehension","volume":"22","author":"Caplan","year":"1999","journal-title":"Behav Brain Sci"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1006\/brcg.1997.0970","article-title":"Working memory and aphasia","volume":"37","author":"Caspari","year":"1998","journal-title":"Brain Cogn"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B94","volume-title":"Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-4","author":"Dunn","year":"2007"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31821103e6","article-title":"Classification of primary progressive aphasia and its variants","volume":"76","author":"Gorno-Tempini","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2014.159","article-title":"Primary progressive aphasia and the evolving neurology of the language network","volume":"10","author":"Mesulam","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101797","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.101797","article-title":"Differential intrinsic functional connectivity changes in semantic variant primary progressive aphasia","volume":"22","author":"Battistella","year":"2019","journal-title":"NeuroImage Clin"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2018.02.028","article-title":"Abnormal language-related oscillatory responses in primary progressive aphasia","volume":"18","author":"Kielar","year":"2018","journal-title":"NeuroImage Clin"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/122.1.61","article-title":"Disrupted temporal lobe connections in semantic dementia","volume":"122","author":"Mummery","year":"1999","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2737","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awx217","article-title":"Distinct spatiotemporal patterns of neuronal functional connectivity in primary progressive aphasia variants","volume":"140","author":"Ranasinghe","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.10390","article-title":"Primary progressive aphasia: PPA and the language network","volume":"53","author":"Sonty","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1334","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4127-06.2007","article-title":"Altered effective connectivity within the language network in primary progressive aphasia","volume":"27","author":"Sonty","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awn300","article-title":"The neural basis of surface dyslexia in semantic dementia","volume":"132","author":"Wilson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1080\/02687038.2014.911241","article-title":"Longitudinal imaging and deterioration in word comprehension in primary progressive aphasia: Potential clinical significance","volume":"28","author":"Faria","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aphasiology"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.10825","article-title":"Cognition and anatomy in three variants of primary progressive aphasia","volume":"55","author":"Gorno-Tempini","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000320506.79811.da","article-title":"The logopenic\/phonological variant of primary progressive aphasia","volume":"71","author":"Gorno-Tempini","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2012.12.008","article-title":"Patterns of longitudinal brain atrophy in the logopenic variant of primary progressive aphasia","volume":"127","author":"Rohrer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain Lang"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7986","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.6241-11.2012","article-title":"Gray matter density of auditory association cortex relates to knowledge of sound concepts in primary progressive aphasia","volume":"32","author":"Bonner","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-6613(00)01463-7","article-title":"Towards a functional neuroanatomy of speech perception","volume":"4","author":"Hickok","year":"2000","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2003.10.011","article-title":"Dorsal and ventral streams: A framework for understanding aspects of the functional anatomy of language","volume":"92","author":"Hickok","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2113","article-title":"The cortical organization of speech processing","volume":"8","author":"Hickok","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_01876","article-title":"The neuroanatomy of speech processing: A large-scale lesion study","author":"Rogalsky","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Cogn Neurosci"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.04.011","article-title":"The language skeleton after dissecting meaning: A functional segregation within Broca\u2019s area","volume":"114","author":"Goucha","year":"2015","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2016.12.010","article-title":"The role of the IFG and pSTS in syntactic prediction: Evidence from a parametric study of hierarchical structure in fMRI","volume":"88","author":"Matchin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.24403","article-title":"The temporal dynamics of structure and content in sentence comprehension: Evidence from fMRI-constrained MEG","volume":"40","author":"Matchin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2522","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1018711108","article-title":"Cortical representation of the constituent structure of sentences","volume":"108","author":"Pallier","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2023053018570581500_awac219-B117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20190299","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2019.0299","article-title":"Neural basis of basic composition: What we have learned from the red\u2013boat studies and their extensions","volume":"375","author":"Pylkk\u00e4nen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc B Biol Sci"}],"container-title":["Brain"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/brain\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/brain\/awac219\/45690538\/awac219.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/brain\/article-pdf\/145\/11\/3916\/50491215\/awac219.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/brain\/article-pdf\/145\/11\/3916\/50491215\/awac219.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,30]],"date-time":"2023-05-30T14:58:28Z","timestamp":1685458708000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/brain\/article\/145\/11\/3916\/6612697"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,21]]},"references-count":117,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,21]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awac219","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2021.10.25.465746","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0006-8950","1460-2156"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0006-8950","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-2156","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,21]]}}}