{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T00:22:54Z","timestamp":1791591774743,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,22]],"date-time":"2022-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658448000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science","award":["MR\/T005297\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/T005297\/1"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000833","name":"Rosetrees Trust","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["CF1\/100004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CF1\/100004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000833","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"BBSRC","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["BB\/S017496\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BB\/S017496\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"EPSRC","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["EP\/S025243\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/S025243\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"MRC Career Development","award":["MR\/R008698\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/R008698\/1"]}]},{"name":"Wellcome Trust Investigator","award":["219366\/Z\/19\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["219366\/Z\/19\/Z"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The SARS-CoV-2 receptor, ACE2, is found on pericytes, contractile cells enwrapping capillaries that regulate brain, heart and kidney blood flow. ACE2 converts vasoconstricting angiotensin II into vasodilating angiotensin-(1-7). In brain slices from hamster, which has an ACE2 sequence similar to human ACE2, angiotensin II evoked a small pericyte-mediated capillary constriction via AT1 receptors, but evoked a large constriction when the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD, original Wuhan variant) was present. A mutated non-binding RBD did not potentiate constriction. A similar RBD-potentiated capillary constriction occurred in human cortical slices, and was evoked in hamster brain slices by pseudotyped virions expressing SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. This constriction reflects an RBD-induced decrease in the conversion of angiotensin II to angiotensin-(1-7) mediated by removal of ACE2 from the cell surface membrane and was mimicked by blocking ACE2. The clinically used drug losartan inhibited the RBD-potentiated constriction. Thus, AT1 receptor blockers could be protective in COVID-19 by preventing pericyte-mediated blood flow reductions in the brain, and perhaps the heart and kidney.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awac272","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,22]],"date-time":"2022-07-22T18:48:31Z","timestamp":1658515711000},"page":"727-738","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["SARS-CoV-2 triggers pericyte-mediated cerebral capillary constriction"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"146","author":[{"given":"Chanawee","family":"Hirunpattarasilp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London , London WC1E 6BT , UK"},{"name":"Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Talat Bang Khen, Lak Si , Bangkok, 10210 , Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Greg","family":"James","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London , London WC1E 6BT , UK"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital , London WC1N 3JH , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaturon","family":"Kwanthongdee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London , London WC1E 6BT , UK"},{"name":"Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Talat Bang Khen, Lak Si , Bangkok, 10210 , Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felipe","family":"Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London , London WC1E 6BT , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiandong","family":"Huo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford , Oxford OX3 7BN , UK"},{"name":"Protein Production UK, The Research Complex at Harwell, and Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus , Didcot OX11 0GD , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huma","family":"Sethi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square , London WC1N 3BG , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josef T","family":"Kittler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London , London WC1E 6BT , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raymond J","family":"Owens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford , Oxford OX3 7BN , UK"},{"name":"Protein Production UK, The Research Complex at Harwell, and Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus , Didcot OX11 0GD , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura E","family":"McCoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London , London NW3 2PP , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3618-0843","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Attwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London , London WC1E 6BT , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023021318513397000_awac272-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2020.1127","article-title":"Neurologic manifestations of hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan, China","volume":"77","author":"Mao","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"2023021318513397000_awac272-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2020.0950","article-title":"Association of cardiac injury with mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China","volume":"5","author":"Shi","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"key":"2023021318513397000_awac272-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.3390\/medicines8010004","article-title":"Risk factors, clinical characteristics, and prognosis of acute kidney injury in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: A retrospective cohort study","volume":"8","author":"Hansrivijit","year":"2020","journal-title":"Medicines (Basel)"},{"key":"2023021318513397000_awac272-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30200-0","article-title":"Clinical and virological data of the first cases of COVID-19 in Europe: A case series","volume":"20","author":"Lescure","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2023021318513397000_awac272-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.02.052","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 cell entry Depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor","volume":"181","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2023021318513397000_awac272-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1620","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-15562-9","article-title":"Characterization of spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 on virus entry and its immune cross-reactivity with SARS-CoV","volume":"11","author":"Ou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2023021318513397000_awac272-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00023.2016","article-title":"The ACE2\/angiotensin-(1-7)\/MAS axis of the renin\u2013angiotensin system: Focus on angiotensin-(1-7)","volume":"98","author":"Santos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"2023021318513397000_awac272-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2008.03.004","article-title":"Endocytosis of the receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV spike protein together with virus receptor ACE2","volume":"136","author":"Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Virus Res"},{"key":"2023021318513397000_awac272-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvaa078","article-title":"The ACE2 expression in human heart indicates new potential mechanism of heart injury among patients infected with SARS-CoV-2","volume":"116","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"2023021318513397000_awac272-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2022.03.016","article-title":"The SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 is expressed in mouse pericytes but not endothelial cells: Implications for COVID-19 vascular research","volume":"17","author":"Muhl","year":"2022","journal-title":"Stem Cell Reports"},{"key":"2023021318513397000_awac272-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11622","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222111622","article-title":"Infection of brain pericytes underlying neuropathology of COVID-19 patients","volume":"22","author":"Bocci","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2023021318513397000_awac272-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596898","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.596898","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 receptor angiotensin I-converting enzyme type 2 (ACE2) is expressed in human pancreatic \u03b2-cells and in the human pancreas microvasculature","volume":"11","author":"Fignani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"2023021318513397000_awac272-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180160","DOI":"10.1038\/sdata.2018.160","article-title":"Single cell RNA sequencing of mouse brain and lung vascular and vessel-associated cell types","volume":"5","author":"He","year":"2018","journal-title":"Scientific Data"},{"key":"2023021318513397000_awac272-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13165","article-title":"Capillary pericytes regulate cerebral blood flow in health and disease","volume":"508","author":"Hall","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2023021318513397000_awac272-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaav9518","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aav9518","article-title":"Amyloid \u03b2 oligomers constrict human capillaries in Alzheimer\u2019s disease via signaling to pericytes","volume":"365","author":"Nortley","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2023021318513397000_awac272-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e29280","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.29280","article-title":"Capillary pericytes mediate coronary no-reflow after myocardial ischaemia","volume":"6","author":"O'Farrell","year":"2017","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"2023021318513397000_awac272-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e74211","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.74211","article-title":"Pericyte-mediated constriction of renal capillaries evokes no-reflow and kidney injury following ischaemia","volume":"11","author":"Freitas","year":"2022","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"2023021318513397000_awac272-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1177\/1971400920941652","article-title":"Neurovascular and perfusion imaging findings in coronavirus disease 2019: Case report and literature review","volume":"33","author":"Soldatelli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuroradiol J"},{"key":"2023021318513397000_awac272-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2268","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2008597","article-title":"Neurologic features in severe SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"382","author":"Helms","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2023021318513397000_awac272-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e147329","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI147329","article-title":"Long-term micro-structure and cerebral blood flow changes in patients recovered from COVID-19 without neurological manifestations","volume":"131","author":"Qin","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2023021318513397000_awac272-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0000000000001659","article-title":"Critically ill COVID-19 patients with acute kidney injury have reduced renal blood flow and perfusion despite preserved cardiac function; A case-control study using contrast enhanced ultrasound","volume":"55","author":"Watchorn","year":"2021","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"2023021318513397000_awac272-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1864","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1116480","article-title":"Structure of SARS coronavirus spike receptor-binding domain complexed with receptor","volume":"309","author":"Li","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2023021318513397000_awac272-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2020101537","article-title":"A novel soluble ACE2 variant with prolonged duration of action neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 infection in human kidney organoids","volume":"32","author":"Wysocki","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Soc Neph"},{"key":"2023021318513397000_awac272-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18579","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.RA120.015303","article-title":"High affinity binding of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein enhances ACE2 carboxypeptidase activity","volume":"295","author":"Lu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2023021318513397000_awac272-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19030876","article-title":"Within the brain: The renin angiotensin system","volume":"19","author":"Jackson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2023021318513397000_awac272-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2014.019","article-title":"Imaging pericytes and capillary diameter in brain slices and isolated retinae","volume":"9","author":"Mishra","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"key":"2023021318513397000_awac272-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1038\/s41594-020-0469-6","article-title":"Neutralizing nanobodies bind SARS-CoV-2 spike RBD and block interaction with ACE2","volume":"27","author":"Huo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Struct Mol Biol"},{"key":"2023021318513397000_awac272-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05193","article-title":"Bidirectional control of CNS capillary diameter by pericytes","volume":"443","author":"Peppiatt","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2023021318513397000_awac272-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1038\/nature25739","article-title":"A molecular atlas of cell types and zonation in the brain vasculature","volume":"554","author":"Vanlandewijck","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2023021318513397000_awac272-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X211068528","article-title":"Distinct features of brain perivascular fibroblasts and mural cells revealed by in vivo two-photon imaging","volume":"42","author":"Bonney","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"2023021318513397000_awac272-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108890","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.108890","article-title":"The effect of spike mutations on SARS-CoV-2 neutralization","volume":"34","author":"Rees-Spear","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"2023021318513397000_awac272-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1598","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-020-00813-8","article-title":"Longitudinal observation and decline of neutralizing antibody responses in the three months following SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans","volume":"5","author":"Seow","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"key":"2023021318513397000_awac272-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2428","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa644","article-title":"Simulation of the clinical and pathological manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a golden Syrian hamster model: Implications for disease pathogenesis and transmissibility","volume":"71","author":"Chan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2023021318513397000_awac272-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.05957-11","article-title":"Molecular determinants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus pathogenesis and virulence in young and aged mouse models of human disease","volume":"86","author":"Frieman","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"2023021318513397000_awac272-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1619","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4428","article-title":"Astrocytes mediate neurovascular signaling to capillary pericytes but not to arterioles","volume":"19","author":"Mishra","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"2023021318513397000_awac272-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1159\/000052608","article-title":"Pericyte regulation of renal medullary blood flow","volume":"9","author":"Pallone","year":"2001","journal-title":"Exp Nephrol"},{"key":"2023021318513397000_awac272-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0154948","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0154948","article-title":"Descending vasa recta endothelial membrane potential response requires pericyte communication","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2023021318513397000_awac272-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1006\/mvre.1998.2086","article-title":"In situ observation of living pericytes in rat retinal capillaries","volume":"56","author":"Sch\u00f6nfelder","year":"1998","journal-title":"Microvasc Res"},{"key":"2023021318513397000_awac272-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2004.073098","article-title":"Effects of angiotensin II on the pericyte-containing microvasculature of the rat retina","volume":"561","author":"Kawamura","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"2023021318513397000_awac272-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1159\/000369930","article-title":"Nox4 is a major source of superoxide production in human brain pericytes","volume":"51","author":"Kuroda","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Vasc Res"},{"key":"2023021318513397000_awac272-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-0115(00)00137-3","article-title":"Mechanisms and functions of AT1 receptor internalization","volume":"91","author":"Hunyady","year":"2000","journal-title":"Regulatory Peptides"},{"key":"2023021318513397000_awac272-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-018-0845-3","article-title":"Dimerization of AT2 and Mas receptors in control of blood pressure","volume":"20","author":"Patel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Hypertens Rep"},{"key":"2023021318513397000_awac272-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-020-0400-4","article-title":"Characterization of the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of 2019 novel coronavirus: Implication for development of RBD protein as a viral attachment inhibitor and vaccine","volume":"17","author":"Tai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Molec Immunol"},{"key":"2023021318513397000_awac272-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI114846","article-title":"Endogenous angiotensin concentrations in specific intrarenal compartmentsof the rat","volume":"86","author":"Seikaly","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2023021318513397000_awac272-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.25.5.1021","article-title":"Renal interstitial fluid angiotensin. Modulation by anesthesia, epinephrine, sodium depletion, and renin inhibition","volume":"25","author":"Siragy","year":"1995","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"2023021318513397000_awac272-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119529","article-title":"Compartmentalization of angiotensin II generation in the dog heart. Evidence for independent mechanisms in intravascular and interstitial spaces","volume":"100","author":"Dell\u2019Italia","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2023021318513397000_awac272-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.112.198622","article-title":"Murine recombinant angiotensin-converting enzyme 2: Effect on angiotensin II-dependent hypertension and distinctive angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 inhibitor characteristics on rodent and human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2","volume":"60","author":"Ye","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"2023021318513397000_awac272-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L84","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00071.2009","article-title":"Ectodomain shedding of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 in human airway epithelia","volume":"297","author":"Jia","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"key":"2023021318513397000_awac272-B49","article-title":"Pericyte-specific vascular expression of SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2\u2014Implications for microvascular inflammation and hypercoagulopathy in COVID-19","author":"He","year":"[]","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"2023021318513397000_awac272-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.12.061","article-title":"A vascular anatomical network model of the spatio-temporal response to brain activation","volume":"40","author":"Boas","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2023021318513397000_awac272-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3426","article-title":"The cortical angiome: An interconnected vascular network with noncolumnar patterns of blood flow","volume":"16","author":"Blinder","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"2023021318513397000_awac272-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X16671146","article-title":"The capillary bed offers the largest hemodynamic resistance to the cortical blood supply","volume":"37","author":"Gould","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"2023021318513397000_awac272-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113837","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2021.113837","article-title":"ACE2 Expression in rat brain: Implications for COVID-19 associated neurological manifestations","volume":"345","author":"Hern\u00e1ndez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"2023021318513397000_awac272-B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684874","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.684874","article-title":"The altered anatomical distribution of ACE2 in the brain with Alzheimer\u2019s disease pathology","volume":"9","author":"Cui","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"2023021318513397000_awac272-B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00537.2020","article-title":"Blood flow, capillary transit times, and tissue oxygenation: The centennial of capillary recruitment","volume":"129","author":"\u00d8stergaard","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"2023021318513397000_awac272-B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14726","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.14726","article-title":"SARS CoV-2 related microvascular damage and symptoms during and after COVID-19: Consequences of capillary transit-time changes, tissue hypoxia and inflammation","volume":"9","author":"\u00d8stergaard","year":"2021","journal-title":"Physiol Rep"},{"key":"2023021318513397000_awac272-B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crhy.2013.04.002","article-title":"Blood viscosity in microvessels: Experiment and theory","volume":"14","author":"Secomb","year":"2013","journal-title":"C R Phys"},{"key":"2023021318513397000_awac272-B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-018-0329-4","article-title":"Neutrophil adhesion in brain capillaries reduces cortical blood flow and impairs memory function in Alzheimer\u2019s disease mouse models","volume":"22","author":"Cruz Hern\u00e1ndez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"2023021318513397000_awac272-B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2475","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X19895245","article-title":"Susceptibility to capillary plugging can predict brain region specific vessel loss with aging","volume":"40","author":"Shager","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"2023021318513397000_awac272-B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-020-02215-w","article-title":"Cerebral blood flow decrease as an early pathological mechanism in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"140","author":"Korte","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"2023021318513397000_awac272-B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e154118","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI154118","article-title":"The Ca2+-gated channel TMEM16A amplifies capillary contraction and reduces cerebral blood flow after ischemia","volume":"132","author":"Korte","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2023021318513397000_awac272-B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/124.6.1208","article-title":"Recovery of brain function during induced cerebral hypoperfusion","volume":"124","author":"Marshall","year":"2001","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2023021318513397000_awac272-B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012.e25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2011.10.033","article-title":"Selective white matter abnormalities in a novel rat model of vascular dementia","volume":"33","author":"Kitamura","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"2023021318513397000_awac272-B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2451","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20160727","article-title":"Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion: A key mechanism leading to vascular cognitive impairment and dementia. Closing the translational gap between rodent models and human vascular cognitive impairment and dementia","volume":"131","author":"Duncombe","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Sci"},{"key":"2023021318513397000_awac272-B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-1899-0_10","article-title":"Spread of MHV-JHM from nasal cavity to white matter of spinal cord. Transneuronal movement and involvement of astrocytes","volume":"380","author":"Perlman","year":"1995","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"2023021318513397000_awac272-B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-020-00758-5","article-title":"Olfactory transmucosal SARS-CoV-2 invasion as a port of central nervous system entry in individuals with COVID-19","volume":"24","author":"Meinhardt","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"2023021318513397000_awac272-B67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-020-00771-8","article-title":"The S1 protein of SARS-CoV-2 crosses the blood\u2013brain barrier in mice","volume":"24","author":"Rhea","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"2023021318513397000_awac272-B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1002\/JLB.4HI0720-470R","article-title":"Frontline science: COVID-19 infection induces readily detectable morphologic and inflammation-related phenotypic changes in peripheral blood monocytes","volume":"109","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Leukocyte Biol"},{"key":"2023021318513397000_awac272-B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2376","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.24717","article-title":"Possible routes of SARS-CoV-2 invasion in brain: In context of neurological symptoms in COVID-19 patients","volume":"98","author":"Kumar","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res"},{"key":"2023021318513397000_awac272-B70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.04.013","article-title":"Incidence of thrombotic complications in critically ill ICU patients with COVID-19","volume":"191","author":"Klok","year":"2020","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"key":"2023021318513397000_awac272-B71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3401","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-020-04795-7","article-title":"Brain microvascular occlusive disorder in COVID-19: A case report","volume":"41","author":"Saitta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"key":"2023021318513397000_awac272-B72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"m2815","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m2815","article-title":"COVID-19: What do we know about \u201clong Covid\u201d?","volume":"370","author":"Mahase","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2023021318513397000_awac272-B73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100957","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100957","article-title":"A multi-center phase II randomized clinical trial of losartan on symptomatic outpatients with COVID-19","volume":"37","author":"Puskarich","year":"2021","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"2023021318513397000_awac272-B74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1038\/s41421-020-00221-6","article-title":"Antihypertensive drugs are associated with reduced fatal outcomes and improved clinical characteristics in elderly COVID-19 patients","volume":"6","author":"Yan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Discovery"}],"container-title":["Brain"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/brain\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/brain\/awac272\/46909952\/awac272.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/brain\/article-pdf\/146\/2\/727\/49171678\/awac272.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/brain\/article-pdf\/146\/2\/727\/49171678\/awac272.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]],"date-time":"2023-02-13T18:52:55Z","timestamp":1676314375000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/brain\/article\/146\/2\/727\/6648726"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,22]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,22]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awac272","relation":{},"ISSN":["0006-8950","1460-2156"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0006-8950","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-2156","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,22]]}}}