{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T22:23:34Z","timestamp":1789683814648,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,28]],"date-time":"2022-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664323200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000627","name":"Guarantors of Brain","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000627","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Association of British Neurologists Clinical Research Training"},{"name":"Chadburn Clinical Lectureship in Medicine"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome trust","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["094874\/Z\/10\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["094874\/Z\/10\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010785","name":"Canada First Research Excellence Fund","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010785","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Musician\u2019s dystonia presents with a persistent deterioration of motor control during musical performance. A predominant hypothesis has been that this is underpinned by maladaptive neural changes to the somatotopic organization of finger representations within primary somatosensory cortex. Here, we tested this hypothesis by investigating the finger-specific activity patterns in the primary somatosensory and motor cortex using functional MRI and multivariate pattern analysis in nine musicians with dystonia and nine healthy musicians. A purpose-built keyboard device allowed characterization of activity patterns elicited during passive extension and active finger presses of individual fingers. We analysed the data using both traditional spatial analysis and state-of-the art multivariate analyses. Our analysis reveals that digit representations in musicians were poorly captured by spatial analyses. An optimized spatial metric found clear somatotopy but no difference in the spatial geometry between fingers with dystonia. Representational similarity analysis was confirmed as a more reliable technique than all spatial metrics evaluated. Significantly, the dissimilarity architecture was equivalent for musicians with and without dystonia. No expansion or spatial shift of digit representation maps were found in the symptomatic group. Our results therefore indicate that the neural representation of generic finger maps in primary sensorimotor cortex is intact in musician\u2019s dystonia. These results speak against the idea that task-specific dystonia is associated with a distorted hand somatotopy and lend weight to an alternative hypothesis that task-specific dystonia is due to a higher-order disruption of skill encoding. Such a formulation can better explain the task-specific deficit and offers alternative inroads for therapeutic interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awac356","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,28]],"date-time":"2022-09-28T13:44:15Z","timestamp":1664372655000},"page":"1511-1522","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Intact finger representation within primary sensorimotor cortex of musician\u2019s dystonia"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"146","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6132-2773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Sadnicka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation Group, St. George's University of London , London SW17 0RE , UK"},{"name":"Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London , London WC1N 3BG , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tobias","family":"Wiestler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London , London WC1N 3BG , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Butler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health, School of Health Professions, University of Plymouth , Plymouth PL4 4AA , UK"},{"name":"Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London , London WC1E 6BT , UK"},{"name":"London Hand Therapy, King Edward VII\u2019s Hospital , London W1G 9QG , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eckart","family":"Altenm\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Music Physiology and Musicians\u2019 Medicine, Hannover University of Music, Drama and Media , 30175 Hannover , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark J","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation Group, St. George's University of London , London SW17 0RE , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8370-4588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naveed","family":"Ejaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Western Institute of Neuroscience, University of Western Ontario , London, ON N6A 3K7 , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00f6rn","family":"Diedrichsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Western Institute of Neuroscience, University of Western Ontario , London, ON N6A 3K7 , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023041916440152800_awac356-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2014.11.022","article-title":"Apollo's curse: Neurological causes of motor impairments in musicians","volume":"217","author":"Altenmuller","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"key":"2023041916440152800_awac356-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.21091\/mppa.2015.1006","article-title":"Musician\u2019s dystonia is highly task specific: No strong evidence for everyday fine motor deficits in patients","volume":"30","author":"Hofmann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med Probl Perform Art"},{"key":"2023041916440152800_awac356-B3","first-page":"225","article-title":"Focal task-specific dystonia in musicians","volume":"94","author":"Frucht","year":"2004","journal-title":"Adv Neurol"},{"key":"2023041916440152800_awac356-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.47.2.508","article-title":"A primate genesis model of focal dystonia and repetitive strain injury: I. 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