{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T03:09:20Z","timestamp":1788491360884,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,16]],"date-time":"2023-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673827200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medical Research Council","award":["MR\/S025065\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/S025065\/1"]}]},{"name":"Medical Research Council","award":["MR\/V031260\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/V031260\/1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Maternal viral infection and immune response are known to increase the risk of altered development of the foetal brain. Given the ongoing global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), investigating the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on foetal brain health is of critical importance. Here, we report the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in first and second trimester foetal brain tissue in association with cortical haemorrhages. SARS-CoV-2 spike protein was sparsely detected within progenitors and neurons of the cortex itself, but was abundant in the choroid plexus of haemorrhagic samples. SARS-CoV-2 was also sparsely detected in placenta, amnion and umbilical cord tissues. Cortical haemorrhages were linked to a reduction in blood vessel integrity and an increase in immune cell infiltration into the foetal brain. Our findings indicate that SARS-CoV-2 infection may affect the foetal brain during early gestation and highlight the need for further study of its impact on subsequent neurological development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awac372","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,16]],"date-time":"2023-01-16T00:07:22Z","timestamp":1673827642000},"page":"1175-1185","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Haemorrhage of human foetal cortex associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"146","author":[{"given":"Marco","family":"Massimo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King\u2019s College London , London , UK"},{"name":"MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King\u2019s College London , London , 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Trieste , Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste , Trieste , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca K","family":"Holloway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Chancellor\u2019s Building, The University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK"},{"name":"Dementia Research Institute at The University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK"},{"name":"Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, The Queen\u2019s Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK"},{"name":"Barlo Multiple Sclerosis Centre and Keenan Research Institute for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital , Toronto, Ontario , Canada"},{"name":"Department of Immunology, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Berta","family":"Crespo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London , London , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7514-8155","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorena","family":"Zentilin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) , 34139 Trieste , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6329-382X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter , Edinburgh , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veronique E","family":"Miron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Chancellor\u2019s Building, The University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK"},{"name":"Dementia Research Institute at The University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK"},{"name":"Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, The Queen\u2019s Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK"},{"name":"Barlo Multiple Sclerosis Centre and Keenan Research Institute for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital , Toronto, Ontario , Canada"},{"name":"Department of Immunology, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mauro","family":"Giacca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) , 34139 Trieste , Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste , Trieste , Italy"},{"name":"British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & 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