{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T20:16:13Z","timestamp":1773173773241,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,17]],"date-time":"2022-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668643200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000304","name":"Parkinson\u2019s UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000304","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Oxford Biomedical Research Centre"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006149","name":"Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006149","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006149","name":"Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006149","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000769","name":"University of Oxford","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Dementias and Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Network"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003921","name":"Department of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003921","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder (iRBD) has now been established as an important marker of the prodromal stage of Parkinson\u2019s disease and related synucleinopathies. However, although dopamine transporter single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) has been used to demonstrate the presence of nigro-striatal deficit in iRBD, quantifiable correlates of this are currently lacking. Sensitivity to rewarding stimuli is reduced in some people with Parkinson\u2019s disease, potentially contributing to aspects of the neuropsychiatric phenotype in these individuals. Furthermore, a role for dopaminergic degeneration is suggested by the fact that reward insensitivity can be improved by dopaminergic medications. Patients with iRBD present a unique opportunity to study the relationship between reward sensitivity and early dopaminergic deficit in the unmedicated state.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Here, we investigate whether a non-invasive, objective measure of reward sensitivity might be a marker of dopaminergic status in prodromal Parkinson\u2019s disease by comparing with SPECT\/CT measurement of dopaminergic loss in the basal ganglia. Striatal dopaminergic deficits in iRBD are associated with progression to Parkinsonian disorders. Therefore, identification of a clinically measurable correlate of this degenerative process might provide a basis for the development of novel risk stratification tools.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Using a recently developed incentivized eye-tracking task, we quantified reward sensitivity in a cohort of 41 patients with iRBD and compared this with data from 40 patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease and 41 healthy controls. Patients with iRBD also underwent neuroimaging with dopamine transporter SPECT\/CT. Overall, reward sensitivity, indexed by pupillary response to monetary incentives, was reduced in iRBD cases compared with controls and was not significantly different to that in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease. However, in iRBD patients with normal dopamine transporter SPECT\/CT imaging, reward sensitivity was not significantly different from healthy controls. Across all iRBD cases, a positive association was observed between reward sensitivity and dopaminergic SPECT\/CT signal in the putamen. These findings demonstrate a direct relationship between dopaminergic deficit and reward sensitivity in patients with iRBD and suggest that measurement of pupillary responses could be of value in models of risk stratification and disease progression in these individuals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awac430","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,17]],"date-time":"2022-11-17T18:29:19Z","timestamp":1668709759000},"page":"2502-2511","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Reward insensitivity is associated with dopaminergic deficit in rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"146","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4850-9677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas R","family":"Barber","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Level 6, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital , Oxford, OX3 9DU , UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5192-4375","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kinan","family":"Muhammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Level 6, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital , Oxford, OX3 9DU , UK"},{"name":"Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Anna Watts Building, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter , Oxford, OX2 6GG , UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Drew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Level 6, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital , Oxford, OX3 9DU , UK"},{"name":"Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Anna Watts Building, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter , Oxford, OX2 6GG , UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kevin M","family":"Bradley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wales Research and Diagnostic PET Imaging Centre, Cardiff University, School of Medicine, University Hospital Wales , Cardiff CF14 4XN , UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel R","family":"McGowan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physics and Clinical Engineering, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Churchill Hospital , Oxford, OX3 7LE , UK"},{"name":"Department of Oncology, University of Oxford , Oxford OX3 7DQ , UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johannes C","family":"Klein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Level 6, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital , Oxford, OX3 9DU , UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0735-4349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanjay G","family":"Manohar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Level 6, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital , Oxford, OX3 9DU , UK"},{"name":"Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Anna Watts Building, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter , Oxford, OX2 6GG , UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michele T M","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Level 6, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital , Oxford, OX3 9DU , UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6850-9255","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masud","family":"Husain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Level 6, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital , Oxford, OX3 9DU , 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