{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T01:39:40Z","timestamp":1789004380777,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,23]],"date-time":"2022-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669161600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>More than half of adults with epilepsy undergoing resective epilepsy surgery achieve long-term seizure freedom and might consider withdrawing antiseizure medications. We aimed to identify predictors of seizure recurrence after starting postoperative antiseizure medication withdrawal and develop and validate predictive models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>We performed an international multicentre observational cohort study in nine tertiary epilepsy referral centres. We included 850 adults who started antiseizure medication withdrawal following resective epilepsy surgery and were free of seizures other than focal non-motor aware seizures before starting antiseizure medication withdrawal. We developed a model predicting recurrent seizures, other than focal non-motor aware seizures, using Cox proportional hazards regression in a derivation cohort (n = 231). Independent predictors of seizure recurrence, other than focal non-motor aware seizures, following the start of antiseizure medication withdrawal were focal non-motor aware seizures after surgery and before withdrawal [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 5.5, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.7\u201311.1], history of focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures before surgery (aHR 1.6, 95% CI 0.9\u20132.8), time from surgery to the start of antiseizure medication withdrawal (aHR 0.9, 95% CI 0.8\u20130.9) and number of antiseizure medications at time of surgery (aHR 1.2, 95% CI 0.9\u20131.6). Model discrimination showed a concordance statistic of 0.67 (95% CI 0.63\u20130.71) in the external validation cohorts (n = 500). A secondary model predicting recurrence of any seizures (including focal non-motor aware seizures) was developed and validated in a subgroup that did not have focal non-motor aware seizures before withdrawal (n = 639), showing a concordance statistic of 0.68 (95% CI 0.64\u20130.72). Calibration plots indicated high agreement of predicted and observed outcomes for both models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>We show that simple algorithms, available as graphical nomograms and online tools (predictepilepsy.github.io), can provide probabilities of seizure outcomes after starting postoperative antiseizure medication withdrawal. These multicentre-validated models may assist clinicians when discussing antiseizure medication withdrawal after surgery with their patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awac437","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,23]],"date-time":"2022-11-23T02:49:16Z","timestamp":1669171756000},"page":"2389-2398","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Predictive models for starting antiseizure medication withdrawal following epilepsy surgery in adults"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"146","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0853-7163","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolina","family":"Ferreira-Atuesta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (DCEE), NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology , London WC1N 3BG , UK"},{"name":"Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy , Chalfont St Peter, Bucks SL9 0RJ , UK"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, NY 10029 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"de Tisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (DCEE), NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology , London WC1N 3BG , UK"},{"name":"Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy , Chalfont St Peter, Bucks SL9 0RJ , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew W","family":"McEvoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (DCEE), NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology , London WC1N 3BG , UK"},{"name":"Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy , Chalfont St Peter, Bucks SL9 0RJ , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Miserocchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (DCEE), NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology , London WC1N 3BG , UK"},{"name":"Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy , Chalfont St Peter, Bucks SL9 0RJ , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean","family":"Khoury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cleveland Clinic Epilepsy Center , Cleveland, OH 44195 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruta","family":"Yardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cleveland Clinic Epilepsy Center , Cleveland, OH 44195 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah T","family":"Vegh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cleveland Clinic Epilepsy Center , Cleveland, OH 44195 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Butler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Constantiaberg Mediclinic Hospital, Division of Neurology, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town , Cape Town 7800 , South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamin J","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Constantiaberg Mediclinic Hospital, Division of Neurology, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town , Cape Town 7800 , South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Deli-Peri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Constantiaberg Mediclinic Hospital, Division of Neurology, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town , Cape Town 7800 , South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epilepsy Surgery, Shenzhen Children's Hospital , Shenzhen, Guangdong 518048 , China"},{"name":"Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Xiamen Humanity Hospital , Xiamen, FuJian 361016 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng-Peng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Xiamen Humanity Hospital , Xiamen, FuJian 361016 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Bin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Xiamen Humanity Hospital , Xiamen, FuJian 361016 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lubna","family":"Shakhatreh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Alfred Health, Monash University, Level 6 , Melbourne, Victoria 3000 , Australia"},{"name":"Departments of Medicine and Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3050 , Australia"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Alfred Health , Melbourne, Victoria 3000 , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pakeeran","family":"Siriratnam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Alfred Health , Melbourne, Victoria 3000 , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Neal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Alfred Health, Monash University, Level 6 , Melbourne, Victoria 3000 , Australia"},{"name":"Departments of Medicine and Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3050 , Australia"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Alfred Health , Melbourne, Victoria 3000 , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arjune","family":"Sen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford Epilepsy Research Group, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford , Oxford OX3 7BN , UK"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, 3rd Floor, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital , Oxford OX3 9DU , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maggie","family":"Tristram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford Epilepsy Research Group, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford , Oxford OX3 7BN , UK"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, 3rd Floor, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital , Oxford OX3 9DU , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Varghese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Wales , Cardiff CF14 4XW , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wendy","family":"Biney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Wales , Cardiff CF14 4XW , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7595-8887","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William P","family":"Gray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Wales Epilepsy Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Wales , Cardiff CF14 4XW , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Rita","family":"Peralta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences Cardiff, Cardiff University , Cardiff CF14 4XW , UK"},{"name":"Centro de Refer\u00eancia para Epilepsias Refrat\u00e1rias (member of EpiCare), Hospital de Santa Maria\u2014Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio Lisboa Norte, Centro de Estudos Egas Moniz, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa , 1649-028 Lisboa , Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandre","family":"Rainha-Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences Cardiff, Cardiff University , Cardiff CF14 4XW , UK"},{"name":"Centro de Refer\u00eancia para Epilepsias Refrat\u00e1rias (member of EpiCare), Hospital de Santa Maria\u2014Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio Lisboa Norte, Centro de Estudos Egas Moniz, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa , 1649-028 Lisboa , Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ant\u00f3nio J C","family":"Gon\u00e7alves-Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences Cardiff, Cardiff University , Cardiff CF14 4XW , UK"},{"name":"Centro de Refer\u00eancia para Epilepsias Refrat\u00e1rias (member of EpiCare), Hospital de Santa Maria\u2014Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio Lisboa Norte, Centro de Estudos Egas Moniz, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa , 1649-028 Lisboa , Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Pimentel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences Cardiff, Cardiff University , Cardiff CF14 4XW , UK"},{"name":"Centro de Refer\u00eancia para Epilepsias Refrat\u00e1rias (member of EpiCare), Hospital de Santa Maria\u2014Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio Lisboa Norte, Centro de Estudos Egas Moniz, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa , 1649-028 Lisboa , Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Fernando","family":"Arias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epilepsy Center, Instituto Roosevelt , Bogot\u00e1 472 , 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Austin Health, The University of Melbourne , Heidelberg, Victoria 3084 , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Willem M","family":"Otte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Austin Health, The University of Melbourne , Heidelberg, Victoria 3084 , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fergus J","family":"Rugg-Gunn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (DCEE), NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology , London WC1N 3BG , UK"},{"name":"Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy , Chalfont St Peter, Bucks SL9 0RJ , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walter","family":"Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epilepsy Center, Instituto Roosevelt , Bogot\u00e1 472 , Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Bentes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences Cardiff, Cardiff University , Cardiff CF14 4XW , UK"},{"name":"Centro de Refer\u00eancia para Epilepsias Refrat\u00e1rias (member of EpiCare), Hospital de Santa Maria\u2014Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio Lisboa Norte, Centro de Estudos Egas Moniz, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa , 1649-028 Lisboa , Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khalid","family":"Hamandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Wales Epilepsy Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Wales , Cardiff CF14 4XW , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terence J","family":"O\u2019Brien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Alfred Health, Monash University, Level 6 , Melbourne, Victoria 3000 , Australia"},{"name":"Departments of Medicine and Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3050 , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7855-7066","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piero","family":"Perucca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Alfred Health, Monash University, Level 6 , Melbourne, Victoria 3000 , Australia"},{"name":"Departments of Medicine and Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3050 , Australia"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Alfred Health , Melbourne, Victoria 3000 , Australia"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Austin Health, The University of Melbourne , Heidelberg, Victoria 3084 , Australia"},{"name":"Comprehensive Epilepsy Program, Austin Health , Heidelberg, Victoria 3084 , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital , Shenzhen, Guangdong 518037 , China"},{"name":"Shenzhen Epilepsy Center (Shenzhen Children's Hospital and Shenzhen Second People's Hospital) , Shenzhen 518037 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3107-7871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard J","family":"Burman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Constantiaberg Mediclinic Hospital, Division of Neurology, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town , Cape Town 7800 , South Africa"},{"name":"Oxford Epilepsy Research Group, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford , Oxford OX3 7BN , UK"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, 3rd Floor, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital , Oxford OX3 9DU , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8041-6377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lara","family":"Jehi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cleveland Clinic Epilepsy Center , Cleveland, OH 44195 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1373-0681","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John S","family":"Duncan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (DCEE), NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology , London WC1N 3BG , UK"},{"name":"Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy , Chalfont St Peter, Bucks SL9 0RJ , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6041-9661","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josemir W","family":"Sander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (DCEE), NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology , London WC1N 3BG , UK"},{"name":"Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy , Chalfont St Peter, Bucks SL9 0RJ , UK"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , China"},{"name":"Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) , Heemstede 2103SW , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4277-8000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthias","family":"Koepp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (DCEE), NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology , London WC1N 3BG , UK"},{"name":"Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy , Chalfont St 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