{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T10:50:06Z","timestamp":1789642206260,"version":"4.0.0"},"reference-count":131,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,2]],"date-time":"2023-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675296000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Associazione \u2018OGNI GIORNO\u2019\u2014per Emma\u2014Onlus"},{"name":"Associazione per il sorriso di Ilaria di Montebruno Onlus"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Neurodegenerative diseases are a major global health burden particularly with the increasing ageing population. Hereditary predisposition and environmental risk factors contribute to the heterogeneity of existing pathological phenotypes. Traditional clinical interventions focused on the use of small drugs have often led to failures due to the difficulties in crossing the blood\u2013brain barrier and reaching the brain. In this regard, nanosystems can specifically deliver drugs and improve their bioavailability, overcoming some of the major challenges in neurodegenerative disease treatment.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>This review focuses on the use of nanosystems as an encouraging therapeutic approach targeting molecular pathways involved in localized and systematic neurodegenerative diseases. Among the latter, Friedreich\u2019s ataxia is an untreatable complex multisystemic disorder and the most widespread type of ataxia; it represents a test case to validate the clinical potential of therapeutic strategies based on nanoparticles with pleiotropic effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awad014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,2]],"date-time":"2023-02-02T22:29:43Z","timestamp":1675376983000},"page":"2227-2240","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Multifaceted nanoparticles: emerging mechanisms and therapies in neurodegenerative diseases"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"146","author":[{"given":"Miriam","family":"Mistretta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Stem Cell Laboratory, Dino Ferrari Center, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan , 20122 Milan , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Farini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico , 20122 Milan , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yvan","family":"Torrente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stem Cell Laboratory, Dino Ferrari Center, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan , 20122 Milan , Italy"},{"name":"Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico , 20122 Milan , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3002-3372","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Villa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stem Cell Laboratory, Dino Ferrari Center, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan , 20122 Milan , 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