{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:03:38Z","timestamp":1792785818165,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,5]],"date-time":"2023-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685923200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Stichting Alzheimer Nederland and Stichting VUmc fonds"},{"name":"ZonMW Memorabel, Dioraphte, Avid Radiopharmaceuticals, and Janssen Pharmaceuticals"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001826","name":"ZonMW","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["733050812"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["733050812"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"ZonMW\/Dutch Epilepsy Foundation","award":["95105006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["95105006"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Recent studies on Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) suggest that tau proteins spread through the brain following neuronal connections. Several mechanisms could be involved in this process: spreading between brain regions that interact strongly (functional connectivity); through the pattern of anatomical connections (structural connectivity); or simple diffusion. Using magnetoencephalography (MEG), we investigated which spreading pathways influence tau protein spreading by modelling the tau propagation process using an epidemic spreading model. We compared the modelled tau depositions with 18F-flortaucipir PET binding potentials at several stages of the AD continuum.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>In this cross-sectional study, we analysed source-reconstructed MEG data and dynamic 100-min 18F-flortaucipir PET from 57 subjects positive for amyloid-\u03b2 pathology [preclinical AD (n = 16), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to AD (n = 16) and AD dementia (n = 25)]. Cognitively healthy subjects without amyloid-\u03b2 pathology were included as controls (n = 25). Tau propagation was modelled as an epidemic process (susceptible-infected model) on MEG-based functional networks [in alpha (8\u201313 Hz) and beta (13\u201330 Hz) bands], a structural or diffusion network, starting from the middle and inferior temporal lobe. The group-level network of the control group was used as input for the model to predict tau deposition in three stages of the AD continuum. To assess performance, model output was compared to the group-specific tau deposition patterns as measured with 18F-flortaucipir PET. We repeated the analysis by using networks of the preceding disease stage and\/or using regions with most observed tau deposition during the preceding stage as seeds.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>In the preclinical AD stage, the functional networks predicted most of the modelled tau-PET binding potential, with best correlations between model and tau-PET [corrected amplitude envelope correlation (AEC-c) alpha C = 0.584; AEC-c beta C = 0.569], followed by the structural network (C = 0.451) and simple diffusion (C = 0.451). Prediction accuracy declined for the MCI and AD dementia stages, although the correlation between modelled tau and tau-PET binding remained highest for the functional networks (C = 0.384; C = 0.376). Replacing the control-network with the network from the preceding disease stage and\/or alternative seeds improved prediction accuracy in MCI but not in the dementia stage.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>These results suggest that in addition to structural connections, functional connections play an important role in tau spread, and highlight that neuronal dynamics play a key role in promoting this pathological process. Aberrant neuronal communication patterns should be taken into account when identifying targets for future therapy. Our results also suggest that this process is more important in earlier disease stages (preclinical AD\/MCI); possibly, in later stages, other processes may be influential.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awad189","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,2]],"date-time":"2023-06-02T20:17:02Z","timestamp":1685737022000},"page":"4040-4054","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["Tau protein spreads through functionally connected neurons in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a combined MEG\/PET study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"146","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6712-0347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deborah N","family":"Schoonhoven","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurophysiology and MEG Center, Neurology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , 1081 HZ Amsterdam , The Netherlands"},{"name":"Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc , 1081 HZ Amsterdam , The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration , 1081 HV Amsterdam , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4289-9101","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emma M","family":"Coomans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc , 1081 HZ Amsterdam , The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration , 1081 HV Amsterdam , The Netherlands"},{"name":"Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc , 1081 HZ Amsterdam , The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Neuroscience, Brain Imaging , 1081 HV Amsterdam , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana P","family":"Mill\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurophysiology and MEG Center, Neurology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , 1081 HZ Amsterdam , The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Neuroscience, Brain Imaging , 1081 HV Amsterdam , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne M","family":"van Nifterick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurophysiology and MEG Center, Neurology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , 1081 HZ Amsterdam , The Netherlands"},{"name":"Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc , 1081 HZ Amsterdam , The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration , 1081 HV Amsterdam , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denise","family":"Visser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc , 1081 HZ Amsterdam , The 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Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hayel","family":"Tuncel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration , 1081 HV Amsterdam , The Netherlands"},{"name":"Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc , 1081 HZ Amsterdam , The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Neuroscience, Brain Imaging , 1081 HV Amsterdam , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wiesje M","family":"van der Flier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc , 1081 HZ Amsterdam , The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration , 1081 HV Amsterdam , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandeep S V","family":"Golla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration , 1081 HV Amsterdam , The Netherlands"},{"name":"Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc , 1081 HZ Amsterdam , The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Neuroscience, Brain Imaging , 1081 HV Amsterdam , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Scheltens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc , 1081 HZ Amsterdam , The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration , 1081 HV Amsterdam , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arjan","family":"Hillebrand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurophysiology and MEG Center, Neurology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , 1081 HZ Amsterdam , The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Neuroscience, Brain Imaging , 1081 HV Amsterdam , The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Neuroscience, Systems and Network Neuroscience , 1081 HV Amsterdam , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bart N M","family":"van Berckel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration , 1081 HV Amsterdam , The Netherlands"},{"name":"Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc , 1081 HZ Amsterdam , The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Neuroscience, Brain Imaging , 1081 HV Amsterdam , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cornelis J","family":"Stam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurophysiology and MEG Center, Neurology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , 1081 HZ Amsterdam , The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration , 1081 HV Amsterdam , The 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