{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T11:46:38Z","timestamp":1791891998975,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":120,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,27]],"date-time":"2024-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706313600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In recent years there has been a renewed interest in the basal forebrain cholinergic system as a target for the treatment of cognitive impairments in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease, due in part to the need to explore novel approaches to treat the cognitive symptoms of the disease and in part to the development of more refined imaging tools that have made it possible to monitor the progressive changes in the structure and function of the basal forebrain system as they evolve over time. In parallel, emerging technologies allowing the derivation of authentic basal forebrain cholinergic neurons from human pluripotent stem cells are providing new powerful tools for the exploration of cholinergic neuron replacement in animal models of Parkinson\u2019s disease-like cognitive decline.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>In this review, we discuss the rationale for cholinergic cell replacement as a potential therapeutic strategy in Parkinson\u2019s disease and how this approach can be explored in rodent models of Parkinson\u2019s disease-like cognitive decline, building on insights gained from the extensive animal experimental work that was performed in rodent and primate models in the 1980s and 90s. Although therapies targeting the cholinergic system have so far been focused mainly on patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease, Parkinson\u2019s disease with dementia may be a more relevant condition. In Parkinson\u2019s disease with dementia, the basal forebrain system undergoes progressive degeneration and the magnitude of cholinergic cell loss has been shown to correlate with the level of cognitive impairment. Thus, cell therapy aimed to replace the lost basal forebrain cholinergic neurons represents an interesting strategy to combat some of the major cognitive impairments in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease dementia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awae026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,25]],"date-time":"2024-01-25T09:10:25Z","timestamp":1706173825000},"page":"1937-1952","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["The basal forebrain cholinergic system as target for cell replacement therapy in Parkinson\u2019s disease"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"147","author":[{"given":"Anders","family":"Bj\u00f6rklund","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University , 221 84 Lund , Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger A","family":"Barker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB2 0PY , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024060314272409500_awae026-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/99.3.459","article-title":"Neurotransmitter-related enzymes and indices of hypoxia in senile dementia and other abiotrophies","volume":"99","author":"Bowen","year":"1976","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2024060314272409500_awae026-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(76)91936-X","article-title":"Selective loss of central cholinergic neurons in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"308","author":"Davies","year":"1976","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2024060314272409500_awae026-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(77)90073-9","article-title":"Neurotransmitter enzyme abnormalities in senile dementia. 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