{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T12:11:48Z","timestamp":1793362308847,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,17]],"date-time":"2024-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713312000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000261","name":"Multiple Sclerosis Society of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000261","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Swedish Brain"},{"name":"Swedish Association of Persons with Neurological Disabilities Foundation"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Swedish research council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017\u201300777"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017\u201300777"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Horizon 2020 MultipleMS","award":["733161"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["733161"]}]},{"name":"KID"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004047","name":"Karolinska Institutet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004047","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Swedish Research Council for Health"},{"name":"Working Life and Welfare"},{"name":"Swedish Foundation"},{"name":"MS Research"},{"name":"NEURO Sweden"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection has been advocated as a prerequisite for developing multiple sclerosis (MS) and possibly the propagation of the disease. However, the precise mechanisms for such influences are still unclear. A large-scale study investigating the host genetics of EBV serology and related clinical manifestations, such as infectious mononucleosis (IM), may help us better understand the role of EBV in MS pathogenesis. This study evaluates the host genetic factors that influence serological response against EBV and history of IM and cross-evaluates them with MS risk and genetic susceptibility in the Swedish population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Plasma IgG antibody levels against EBV nuclear antigen-1 [EBNA-1, truncated = amino acids (aa) (325\u2013641), peptide = aa(385\u2013420)] and viral capsid antigen p18 (VCAp18) were measured using bead-based multiplex serology for 8744 MS cases and 7229 population-matched control subjects. The MS risk association for high\/low EBV antibody levels and history of IM was compared to relevant clinical measures along with sex, age at sampling, and associated HLA allele variants. Genome-wide and HLA allele association analyses were also performed to identify genetic risk factors for EBV antibody response and IM history.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Higher antibody levels against VCAp18 [odds ratio (OR) = 1.74, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.60\u20131.88] and EBNA-1, particularly the peptide (OR = 3.13, 95% CI = 2.93\u20133.35), were associated with an increased risk for MS. The risk increased with higher anti-EBNA-1 IgG levels up to 12\u00d7 the reference risk. We also identified several independent HLA haplotypes associated with EBV serology overlapping with known MS risk alleles (e.g. DRB1*15:01). Although there were several candidates, no variants outside the HLA region reached genome-wide significance. Cumulative HLA risk for anti-EBNA-1 IgG levels, particularly the peptide fragment, was strongly associated with MS. In contrast, the genetic risk for high anti-VCAp18 IgG levels was not as strongly associated with MS risk. IM history was not associated with class II HLA genes but negatively associated with A*02:01, which is protective against MS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Our findings emphasize that the risk association between anti-EBNA-1 IgG levels and MS may be partly due to overlapping HLA associations. Additionally, the increasing MS risk with increasing anti-EBNA-1 levels would be consistent with a pathogenic role of the EBNA-1 immune response, perhaps through molecular mimicry. Given that high anti-EBNA-1 antibodies may reflect a poorly controlled T-cell defence against the virus, our findings would be consistent with DRB1*15:01 being a poor class II antigen in the immune defence against EBV. Last, the difference in genetic control of IM supports the independent roles of EBNA-1 and IM in MS susceptibility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awae110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,16]],"date-time":"2024-04-16T19:30:27Z","timestamp":1713295827000},"page":"3573-3582","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Genetics of immune response to Epstein-Barr virus: prospects for multiple sclerosis pathogenesis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"147","author":[{"given":"Jesse","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet , SE-171 77 Stockholm ,","place":["Sweden"]},{"name":"Centrum for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital , SE-171 76 Stockholm ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0424-3571","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarina","family":"Tengvall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet , SE-171 77 Stockholm ,","place":["Sweden"]},{"name":"Centrum for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital , SE-171 76 Stockholm ,","place":["Sweden"]},{"name":"Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University , SE 751 23 Uppsala ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Izaura Bomfim","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet , SE-171 77 Stockholm ,","place":["Sweden"]},{"name":"Centrum for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital , SE-171 76 Stockholm ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna Karin","family":"Hedstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet , SE-171 77 Stockholm ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7738-8611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia","family":"Butt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , DE-69120 Heidelberg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Brenner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , DE-69120 Heidelberg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Gyllenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet , SE-171 77 Stockholm ,","place":["Sweden"]},{"name":"Centrum for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital , SE-171 76 Stockholm ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pernilla","family":"Stridh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet , SE-171 77 Stockholm ,","place":["Sweden"]},{"name":"Centrum for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital , SE-171 76 Stockholm ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohsen","family":"Khademi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet , SE-171 77 Stockholm ,","place":["Sweden"]},{"name":"Centrum for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital , SE-171 76 Stockholm ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6518-1648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ingemar","family":"Ernberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet , SE-171 77 Stockholm ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faiez","family":"Al Nimer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet , SE-171 77 Stockholm ,","place":["Sweden"]},{"name":"Centrum for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital , SE-171 76 Stockholm 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Medicine, Stockholm County Council , SE-171 77 Stockholm ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oluf","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , SE-413 45 Gothenburgh ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Sundstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Ume\u00e5 University , SE-901 85 Ume\u00e5 ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"Waterboer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , DE-69120 Heidelberg 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