{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T04:29:16Z","timestamp":1780460956355,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,15]],"date-time":"2024-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713139200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Investissements d\u2019avenir","award":["ANR-10-IAHU-06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-10-IAHU-06"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100022554","name":"Paris Brain Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100022554","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"TOPLEX"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002915","name":"Fondation pour la Recherche M\u00e9dicale","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002915","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The acquisition of reading modifies areas of the brain associated with vision and with language, in addition to their connections. These changes enable reciprocal translation between orthography and the sounds and meaning of words. Individual variability in the pre-existing cerebral substrate contributes to the range of eventual reading abilities, extending to atypical developmental patterns, including dyslexia and reading-related synaesthesias. The present study is devoted to the little-studied but highly informative ticker-tape synaesthesia, in which speech perception triggers the vivid and irrepressible perception of words in their written form in the mind\u2019s eye.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>We scanned a group of 17 synaesthetes and 17 matched controls with functional MRI, while they listened to spoken sentences, words, numbers or pseudowords (Experiment 1), viewed images and written words (Experiment 2) or were at rest (Experiment 3).<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>First, we found direct correlates of the ticker-tape synaesthesia phenomenon: during speech perception, as ticker-tape synaesthesia was active, synaesthetes showed over-activation of left perisylvian regions supporting phonology and of the occipitotemporal visual word form area, where orthography is represented. Second, we provided support to the hypothesis that ticker-tape synaesthesia results from atypical relationships between spoken and written language processing: the ticker-tape synaesthesia-related regions overlap closely with cortices activated during reading, and the overlap of speech-related and reading-related areas is larger in synaesthetes than in controls. Furthermore, the regions over-activated in ticker-tape synaesthesia overlap with regions under-activated in dyslexia. Third, during the resting state (i.e. in the absence of current ticker-tape synaesthesia), synaesthetes showed increased functional connectivity between left prefrontal and bilateral occipital regions. This pattern might reflect a lowered threshold for conscious access to visual mental contents and might imply a non-specific predisposition to all synaesthesias with a visual content.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>These data provide a rich and coherent account of ticker-tape synaesthesia as a non-detrimental developmental condition created by the interaction of reading acquisition with an atypical cerebral substrate.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awae114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,15]],"date-time":"2024-04-15T17:40:31Z","timestamp":1713202831000},"page":"2530-2541","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Subtitled speech: the neural mechanisms of ticker-tape synaesthesia"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"147","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7052-3873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabien","family":"Hauw","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9s, Institut du Cerveau, ICM , Paris 75013 , France"},{"name":"AP-HP, H\u00f4pital de La Piti\u00e9 Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re, F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Neurologie , Paris 75013 , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beno\u00eet","family":"B\u00e9ranger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9s, Institut du Cerveau, ICM , Paris 75013 , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurent","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9s, Institut du Cerveau, ICM , Paris 75013 , France"},{"name":"AP-HP, H\u00f4pital de La Piti\u00e9 Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re, F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Neurologie , Paris 75013 , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024070507231154000_awae114-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3924","article-title":"Illiterate to literate: Behavioural and cerebral changes induced by reading acquisition","volume":"16","author":"Dehaene","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"2024070507231154000_awae114-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/123.2.291","article-title":"The visual word form area: Spatial and temporal characterization of an initial stage of reading in normal subjects and posterior split-brain patients","volume":"123","author":"Cohen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2024070507231154000_awae114-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2004103","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.2004103","article-title":"The emergence of the visual word 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