{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T02:32:43Z","timestamp":1788057163027,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]],"date-time":"2024-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713916800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CL-2022-07-002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CL-2022-07-002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000691","name":"Academy of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SGL030\\1029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SGL030\\1029"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"NIHR Applied Research Collaboration North West Coast"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000276","name":"Department of Health and Social Care","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000276","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Valproate is the most effective treatment for idiopathic generalized epilepsy. Current guidance precludes its use in females of childbearing potential, unless other treatments are ineffective or not tolerated, because of high teratogenicity. This risk was recently extended to males. New guidance will limit use both in males and females aged &amp;lt;55 years, resulting in withdrawal of valproate from males already taking it, as occurs for females. Whether there are risks of personal harm (including injury or death) associated with valproate withdrawal has not yet been quantified for males or females ON valproate, meaning clinicians cannot reliably counsel either sex when discussing valproate withdrawal with them, despite that this concern may be at the forefront of patients\u2019 and clinicians\u2019 minds. We assessed whether there are any morbidity or mortality risks associated with valproate withdrawal in young males and females.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>We performed a retrospective cohort study of internationally derived electronic health data within the TriNetX Global Collaborative Network. Included were males and females aged 16\u201354 years with \u22651 epilepsy disease or symptom code between 1 December 2017 and 1 December 2018, and \u22652 valproate prescriptions over the preceding 2 years (1 January 2015\u201330 November 2017). Five-year propensity-matched risks of mortality and a range of morbidity outcomes were compared between those remaining ON versus withdrawn from valproate during the 1 December 2017\u20131 December 2018 recruitment period, regardless of whether switched to another antiseizure medication. Survival analysis was undertaken using Cox-proportional hazard models, generating hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>In total, 8991 males and 5243 females taking valproate were recruited. Twenty-eight per cent of males and 36% of females were subsequently withdrawn from valproate. Valproate withdrawal was associated with significantly increased risks of emergency department attendance [HRs overall: 1.236 (CI 1.159\u20131.319), males: 1.181 (CI 1.083\u20131.288), females: 1.242 (CI 1.125\u20131.371)], hospital admission [HRs overall: 1.160 (CI 1.081\u20131.246), males: 1.132 (CI 1.027\u20131.249), females: 1.147 (CI 1.033\u20131.274)], falls [HRs overall: 1.179 (CI 1.041\u20131.336), males: 1.298 (CI 1.090\u20131.546)], injuries [HRs overall: 1.095 (CI 1.021\u20131.174), males: 1.129 (CI 1.029\u20131.239)], burns [HRs overall: 1.592 (CI 1.084\u20132.337)] and new-onset depression [HRs overall 1.323 (CI 1.119\u20131.565), females: 1.359 (CI 1.074\u20131.720)]. The risk of these outcomes occurring was 1%\u20137% higher in those withdrawn from valproate than in those remaining ON valproate. Overall, valproate withdrawal was not associated with increased mortality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>These results may help patients and clinicians have a more informed discussion about personal safety when considering valproate withdrawal.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awae128","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,22]],"date-time":"2024-04-22T15:26:37Z","timestamp":1713799597000},"page":"3426-3441","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Morbidity and mortality risks associated with valproate withdrawal in young adults with epilepsy"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"147","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9588-2944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gashirai K","family":"Mbizvo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science at University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital , Liverpool, L69 7TX ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool , Liverpool, L69 7BE ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Neurology Service, The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust , Liverpool, L9 7LJ ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2895-6234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tommaso","family":"Bucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science at University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital , Liverpool, L69 7TX ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Department of General and Specialized Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome, 00185 ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory Y H","family":"Lip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science at University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital , Liverpool, L69 7TX ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Danish Centre for Health Services Research, Aalborg University , Aalborg, 9220 ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony G","family":"Marson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool , Liverpool, L69 7BE ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Neurology Service, The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust , Liverpool, L9 7LJ ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024100318044935900_awae128-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32596-0","article-title":"Epilepsy in adults","volume":"393","author":"Thijs","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2024100318044935900_awae128-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4713","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-023-11834-8","article-title":"Antiseizure medications for idiopathic generalized epilepsies: A systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"270","author":"Chu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"2024100318044935900_awae128-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00246-4","article-title":"The SANAD II study of the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of valproate versus levetiracetam for newly diagnosed generalised and unclassifiable epilepsy: An open-label, non-inferiority, multicentre, phase 4, randomised controlled trial","volume":"397","author":"Marson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2024100318044935900_awae128-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60461-9","article-title":"The SANAD study of effectiveness of valproate, lamotrigine, or topiramate for generalised and unclassifiable epilepsy: An unblinded randomised controlled trial","volume":"369","author":"Marson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2024100318044935900_awae128-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2012-304270","article-title":"The prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders in children prenatally exposed to antiepileptic drugs","volume":"84","author":"Bromley","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"2024100318044935900_awae128-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e186606","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2018.6606","article-title":"Association of prenatal exposure to valproate and other antiepileptic drugs with risk for attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder in offspring","volume":"2","author":"Christensen","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"2024100318044935900_awae128-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2008.04.022","article-title":"Pregnancy outcomes in women with epilepsy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of published pregnancy registries and cohorts","volume":"81","author":"Meador","year":"2008","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res"},{"key":"2024100318044935900_awae128-B8","article-title":"Valproate: reminder of current Pregnancy Prevention Programme requirements; information on new safety measures to be introduced in the coming months","author":"Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency","year":"2022"},{"key":"2024100318044935900_awae128-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17362","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-74409-x","article-title":"Risk of early neurodevelopmental disorders associated with in utero exposure to valproate and other antiepileptic drugs: A nationwide cohort study in France","volume":"10","author":"Coste","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2024100318044935900_awae128-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"m4446","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m4446","article-title":"France\u2019s drug regulator is indicted for manslaughter over sodium valproate birth defects","volume":"371","author":"Dyer","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2024100318044935900_awae128-B11","article-title":"Sodium valproate (Epilim) use in people who can father children: important new safety information","author":"New Zealand Medicines and Medical Devices Authority","year":"2023"},{"key":"2024100318044935900_awae128-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1492","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2012.11.028","article-title":"Effects of antiepileptic drugs on reproductive endocrine function, sexual function and sperm parameters in Chinese Han men with epilepsy","volume":"20","author":"Xiaotian","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"2024100318044935900_awae128-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2014.08.029","article-title":"Seminal fluid analysis and testicular volume in adults with epilepsy receiving valproate","volume":"22","author":"Hamed","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"2024100318044935900_awae128-B14","article-title":"National patient safety alert: Valproate: Organisations to prepare for new regulatory measures for oversight of prescribing to new patients and existing female patients (NatPSA\/2023\/013\/MHRA)","author":"Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency","year":"2023"},{"key":"2024100318044935900_awae128-B15","article-title":"Sanofi reports issues around safety study into valproate","author":"Swanborough","year":"2023"},{"key":"2024100318044935900_awae128-B16","article-title":"Epilim\u00ae (Valproate)\u2014Risk of neurodevelopmental disorders including autism spectrum disorders in children after paternal exposure","author":"Health Sciences Authority","year":"2023"},{"key":"2024100318044935900_awae128-B17","first-page":"253","article-title":"Antiseizure medications withdrawal seizures in patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy","volume":"24","author":"Hofi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Isr Med Assoc J"},{"key":"2024100318044935900_awae128-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107980","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.107980","article-title":"Predictors of successful valproate withdrawal in women with epilepsy","volume":"119","author":"Atalar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"issue":"Pt A","key":"2024100318044935900_awae128-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.06.031","article-title":"Why do some women with epilepsy use valproic acid despite current guidelines? A single-center cohort study","volume":"98","author":"Bosak","year":"2019","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"2024100318044935900_awae128-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.05.024","article-title":"Valproate and female patients: Prescribing attitudes of Italian epileptologists","volume":"97","author":"Giuliano","year":"2019","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"2024100318044935900_awae128-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1990.tb05383.x","article-title":"Discontinuation of phenytoin, carbamazepine, and valproate in patients with active epilepsy","volume":"31","author":"Duncan","year":"1990","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"2024100318044935900_awae128-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1994.tb02432.x","article-title":"Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy: A 5-year prospective study","volume":"35","author":"Panayiotopoulos","year":"1994","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"2024100318044935900_awae128-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1111\/ane.13231","article-title":"Valproate risk form\u2014Surveying 215 clinicians involving 4775 encounters","volume":"141","author":"Angus-Leppan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"2024100318044935900_awae128-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.16407","article-title":"Doing without valproate in women of childbearing potential with idiopathic generalized epilepsy: Implications on seizure outcome","volume":"61","author":"Cerulli Irelli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"2024100318044935900_awae128-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2020.09.008","article-title":"Risk-benefit assessment of treatment of epileptic women of childbearing age with valproic acid","volume":"82","author":"Quilez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"2024100318044935900_awae128-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e173-7","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13437","article-title":"Withdrawal of valproic acid treatment during pregnancy and seizure outcome: Observations from EURAP","volume":"57","author":"Tomson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"2024100318044935900_awae128-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1111\/ane.13005","article-title":"Valproate-associated foetal malformations\u2014Rates of occurrence, risks in attempted avoidance","volume":"139","author":"Vajda","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"2024100318044935900_awae128-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.16505","article-title":"Pregnancy after valproate withdrawal\u2014Fetal malformations and seizure control","volume":"61","author":"Vajda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"2024100318044935900_awae128-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2016.11.007","article-title":"Status epilepticus in pregnant women with epilepsy after valproate adjustment: A case series","volume":"43","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"2024100318044935900_awae128-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","article-title":"Use of sodium valproate and other anti-seizure medications in England and Wales during the COVID-19 pandemic: a population-level analysis of 60 million individuals","author":"Dale","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.4544777"},{"key":"2024100318044935900_awae128-B31","article-title":"Decision support tool: is valproate the right epilepsy treatment for me?","author":"The Walton Centre","year":"2023"},{"key":"2024100318044935900_awae128-B32","article-title":"Patient guide: What you need to know about valproate","author":"Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency","year":"2023"},{"key":"2024100318044935900_awae128-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgp19X701897","article-title":"Valproate and the pregnancy prevention programme: Exceptional circumstances","volume":"69","author":"Watkins","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br J Gen Pract"},{"key":"2024100318044935900_awae128-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2014.08.006","article-title":"Withholding the choice of sodium valproate to young women with generalised epilepsy: Are we causing more harm than good?","volume":"24","author":"Mole","year":"2015","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"issue":"7974","key":"2024100318044935900_awae128-B35","first-page":"310","article-title":"Women with epilepsy need choice, not diktats, when it comes to sodium valproate","volume":"310","author":"Arkell","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharm J"},{"key":"2024100318044935900_awae128-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1136\/practneurol-2018-001931","article-title":"Valproate and epilepsy: For women as well as men","volume":"18","author":"Lawthom","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pract Neurol."},{"key":"2024100318044935900_awae128-B37","author":"TriNetX"},{"key":"2024100318044935900_awae128-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(22)00260-7","article-title":"Neurological and psychiatric risk trajectories after SARS-CoV-2 infection: An analysis of 2-year retrospective cohort studies including 1 284 437 patients","volume":"9","author":"Taquet","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"2024100318044935900_awae128-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ooad035","DOI":"10.1093\/jamiaopen\/ooad035","article-title":"A global federated real-world data and analytics platform for research","volume":"6","author":"Palchuk","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMIA Open"},{"key":"2024100318044935900_awae128-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.16547","article-title":"The accuracy of using administrative healthcare data to identify epilepsy cases: A systematic review of validation studies","volume":"61","author":"Mbizvo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"2024100318044935900_awae128-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1466","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17537","article-title":"Using critical success index or Gilbert skill score as composite measures of positive predictive value and sensitivity in diagnostic accuracy studies: Weather forecasting informing epilepsy research","volume":"64","author":"Mbizvo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"2024100318044935900_awae128-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106462","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2020.106462","article-title":"Validating the accuracy of administrative healthcare data identifying epilepsy in deceased adults: A Scottish data linkage study","volume":"167","author":"Mbizvo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res"},{"key":"2024100318044935900_awae128-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2023.107275","article-title":"Critical success index or F measure to validate the accuracy of administrative healthcare data identifying epilepsy in deceased adults in Scotland","volume":"199","author":"Mbizvo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res"},{"key":"2024100318044935900_awae128-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2021.11.017","article-title":"Epilepsy mortality in Wales during COVID-19","volume":"94","author":"Daniels","year":"2022","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"2024100318044935900_awae128-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002253","article-title":"Recognizing and preventing epilepsy-related mortality: A call for action","volume":"86","author":"Devinsky","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2024100318044935900_awae128-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2019.106192","article-title":"Epilepsy-related and other causes of mortality in people with epilepsy: A systematic review of systematic reviews","volume":"157","author":"Mbizvo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res"},{"key":"2024100318044935900_awae128-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2667","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17065","article-title":"A national study of epilepsy-related deaths in Scotland: Trends, mechanisms, and avoidable deaths","volume":"62","author":"Mbizvo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"2024100318044935900_awae128-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2418","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awac463","article-title":"Case-control study developing Scottish epilepsy deaths study score to predict epilepsy-related death","volume":"146","author":"Mbizvo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2024100318044935900_awae128-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e020804","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.121.020804","article-title":"Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation and all-cause mortality among patients with atrial fibrillation","volume":"10","author":"Buckley","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"2024100318044935900_awae128-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2897","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.15185","article-title":"All-cause mortality and cardiovascular outcomes with sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and with combination therapy in people with type 2 diabetes","volume":"25","author":"Riley","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"2024100318044935900_awae128-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101868","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2023.101868","article-title":"Epilepsy-heart syndrome: Incidence and clinical outcomes of cardiac complications in patients with epilepsy","volume":"48","author":"Bucci","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Probl Cardiol"},{"key":"2024100318044935900_awae128-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1186\/s12245-022-00467-9","article-title":"Current utilization of interosseous access in pediatrics: A population-based analysis using an EHR database, TriNetX","volume":"15","author":"Hoskins","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Emerg Med"},{"key":"2024100318044935900_awae128-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-021-00467-8","article-title":"A vital sign-based prediction algorithm for differentiating COVID-19 versus seasonal influenza in hospitalized patients","volume":"4","author":"Yanamala","year":"2021","journal-title":"NPJ Digit Med"},{"key":"2024100318044935900_awae128-B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e18","DOI":"10.5210\/ojphi.v13i3.10264","article-title":"Syndromic surveillance data for accidental fall injury","volume":"13","author":"Brannen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Online J Public Health Inform"},{"key":"2024100318044935900_awae128-B55","first-page":"1","article-title":"Proposed ICD-10-CM surveillance case definitions for injury hospitalizations and emergency department visits","volume":"100","author":"Hedegaard","year":"2017","journal-title":"Natl Health Stat Report"},{"key":"2024100318044935900_awae128-B56","first-page":"3","article-title":"Epidemiology and outcome analysis of 3030 burn patients with an ICD-10 approach","volume":"33","author":"Alipour","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Burns Fire Disasters"},{"key":"2024100318044935900_awae128-B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1093\/intqhc\/mzt033","article-title":"Meeting the ambition of measuring the quality of hospitals\u2019 stroke care using routinely collected administrative data: A feasibility study","volume":"25","author":"Palmer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Qual Health Care"},{"key":"2024100318044935900_awae128-B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.5535\/arm.2019.43.2.121","article-title":"Proportion of aspiration pneumonia cases among patients with community-acquired pneumonia: A single-center study in Korea","volume":"43","author":"Jeon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Rehabil Med"},{"key":"2024100318044935900_awae128-B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-014-0289-5","article-title":"Systematic review and assessment of validated case definitions for depression in administrative data","volume":"14","author":"Fiest","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"2024100318044935900_awae128-B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2023","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocac144","article-title":"Accuracy of ICD-10-CM encounter diagnoses from health records for identifying self-harm events","volume":"29","author":"Simon","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc"},{"issue":"8 Suppl","key":"2024100318044935900_awae128-B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2013.01.013","article-title":"Prognostic score-based balance measures can be a useful diagnostic for propensity score methods in comparative effectiveness research","volume":"66","author":"Stuart","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"2024100318044935900_awae128-B62","article-title":"Developing and validating a clinical prediction model to predict epilepsy-related hospital admission or death within the next year using administrative healthcare data: A population-based cohort study protocol","author":"Mbizvo","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"2024100318044935900_awae128-B63","author":"University of Liverpool"},{"key":"2024100318044935900_awae128-B64","author":"CPRD"},{"key":"2024100318044935900_awae128-B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.1231","article-title":"Patient-focused drug development methods for benefit-risk assessments: A case study using a discrete choice experiment for antiepileptic drugs","volume":"105","author":"Holmes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"24","key":"2024100318044935900_awae128-B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2446","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.21383","article-title":"Target trial emulation: A framework for causal inference from observational data","volume":"328","author":"Hern\u00e1n","year":"2022-12-27","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"8","key":"2024100318044935900_awae128-B67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0306226","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0306226","article-title":"An international study to investigate and optimise the safety of discontinuing valproate in young men and women with epilepsy: Protocol","volume":"2919","author":"Mbizvo","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS One"}],"container-title":["Brain"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/brain\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/brain\/awae128\/59097902\/awae128.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/brain\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/brain\/awae128\/59561299\/awae128.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/brain\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/brain\/awae128\/59561299\/awae128.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]],"date-time":"2024-10-03T14:05:16Z","timestamp":1727964316000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/brain\/article\/147\/10\/3426\/7657740"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awae128","relation":{},"ISSN":["0006-8950","1460-2156"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0006-8950","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-2156","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]]}}}