{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T16:37:49Z","timestamp":1793896669046,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]],"date-time":"2024-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730160000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["WE5375\/1-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WE5375\/1-3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["230631029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["230631029"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["EU-JPND (01ED2309)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EU-JPND (01ED2309)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004374","name":"Medtronic","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004374","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"DFG, EU-JPND and Medtronic"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The neuromuscular circuit mechanisms of freezing of gait in Parkinson\u2019s disease have received little study. Technological progress enables researchers chronically to sense local field potential activity of the basal ganglia in patients while walking.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>To study subthalamic activity and the circuit processes of supraspinal contributions to spinal motor integration, we recorded local field potentials, surface EMG of antagonistic leg muscles and gait kinematics in patients while walking and freezing. To evaluate the specificity of our findings, we controlled our findings to internally generated volitional stops.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>We found specific activation\u2013deactivation abnormalities of oscillatory activity of the subthalamic nucleus both before and during a freeze. Furthermore, we were able to show with synchronization analyses that subthalamo-spinal circuits entrain the spinal motor neurons to a defective timing and activation pattern. The main neuromuscular correlates when turning into freezing were as follows: (i) disturbed reciprocity between antagonistic muscles; (ii) increased co-contraction of the antagonists; (iii) defective activation and time pattern of the gastrocnemius muscle; and (iv) increased subthalamo-muscular coherence with the gastrocnemius muscles before the freeze.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Beyond the pathophysiological insights into the supraspinal mechanisms contributing to freezing of gait, our findings have potential to inform the conceptualization of future neurorestorative therapies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awae223","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]],"date-time":"2024-10-29T13:43:07Z","timestamp":1730209387000},"page":"4056-4071","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Supraspinal contributions to defective antagonistic inhibition and freezing of gait in Parkinson\u2019s disease"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"147","author":[{"given":"Philipp","family":"Klocke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Neurology, Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of T\u00fcbingen , 72076 T\u00fcbingen ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research , 72076 T\u00fcbingen ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moritz A","family":"Loeffler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Neurology, Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of T\u00fcbingen , 72076 T\u00fcbingen ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research , 72076 T\u00fcbingen ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah","family":"Muessler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Neurology, Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of T\u00fcbingen , 72076 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