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However, few studies have investigated the longitudinal trajectories of systemic inflammatory markers during ageing and Alzheimer's disease, and specific markers contributing to Alzheimer's disease remain undetermined. In this study, a longitudinal cohort (cohort 1: n = 290; controls, 136; preclinical Alzheimer's disease, 154) and a cross-sectional cohort (cohort 2: n = 351; controls, 62; Alzheimer's disease, 63; vascular dementia, 58; Parkinson's disease dementia, 56; behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia, 57; dementia with Lewy bodies, 55) were included. Plasma levels of inflammatory markers were measured every 2\u2005years during a 10-year follow-up in the longitudinal cohort and once in the cross-sectional cohort.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>The study demonstrated that the inflammatory markers significantly altered during both ageing and the development of Alzheimer's disease. However, only complement C3, interleukin-1\u03b2 and interleukin-6 exhibited significant changes in participants with preclinical Alzheimer's disease, and their longitudinal changes were significantly associated with the development of Alzheimer's disease compared to controls over the 10-year follow-up. In the cross-sectional cohort, complement C3 demonstrated specificity to Alzheimer's disease, while interleukin-1\u03b2 and interleukin-6 were also altered in other dementias.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>The study provides a new perspective on the involvement of inflammatory markers in the ageing process and the development of Alzheimer's disease, implying that regulating inflammation may have a pivotal role in promoting successful ageing and in the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awae230","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,13]],"date-time":"2024-07-13T17:35:04Z","timestamp":1720892104000},"page":"480-492","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Systemic inflammatory markers in ageing, Alzheimer's disease and other dementias"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"148","author":[{"given":"Huimin","family":"Cai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Innovation Centre for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Diseases , Beijing 100053 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Innovation Centre for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Diseases , Beijing 100053 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yana","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Innovation Centre for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Diseases , Beijing 100053 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaofeng","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Innovation Centre for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Diseases , Beijing 100053 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziye","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Innovation Centre for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Diseases , Beijing 100053 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuiyue","family":"Quan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Innovation Centre for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Diseases , Beijing 100053 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3648-3668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Longfei","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Innovation Centre for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Diseases , Beijing 100053 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025020305061400900_awae230-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e661","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(20)30185-7","article-title":"Prevalence, risk factors, and management of dementia and mild cognitive impairment in adults aged 60 years or older in China: A cross-sectional study","volume":"5","author":"Jia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Public 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