{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T00:51:06Z","timestamp":1782175866913,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,12]],"date-time":"2024-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723420800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01NS110776"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01NS110776"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DA054534"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DA054534"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"PML Consortium"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005984","name":"Dr Miriam and Sheldon G. Adelson Medical Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005984","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003554","name":"Lundbeck Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003554","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82201506"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82201506"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy is a demyelinating infection of the immunosuppressed brain, mediated by the gliotropic polyomavirus JCV. JCV replicates in human glial progenitor cells and astrocytes, which undergo viral T-antigen-triggered mitosis, enabling viral replication. We asked whether JCV spread might therefore be accelerated by glial proliferation.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Using both in vitro analysis and a human glial chimeric mouse model of JCV infection, we found that dividing human astrocytes supported JCV propagation to a substantially greater degree than did mitotically quiescent cells. Accordingly, bulk and single-cell RNA-sequence analysis revealed that JCV-infected glia differentially manifested cell cycle-linked disruption of both DNA damage response and transcriptional regulatory pathways. In vivo, JCV infection of humanized glial chimeras was greatly accentuated by cuprizone-induced demyelination and its associated mobilization of glial progenitor cells. Importantly, in vivo infection triggered the death of both uninfected and infected glia, reflecting significant bystander death.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Together, these data suggest that JCV propagation in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy might be accelerated by glial cell division. As such, the accentuated glial proliferation attending disease-associated demyelination might provide an especially favourable environment for JCV propagation, thus potentiating oligodendrocytic bystander death and further accelerating demyelination in susceptible hosts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awae252","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,12]],"date-time":"2024-08-12T18:19:29Z","timestamp":1723486769000},"page":"4131-4146","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["JC virus spread is potentiated by glial replication and demyelination-linked glial proliferation"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"147","author":[{"given":"Cui","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Shanghai Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai 200072 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester NY 14604 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nguyen P T","family":"Huynh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester NY 14604 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences , Copenhagen 1017 ,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"Sana Biotechnology , Cambridge, MA 02139 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven J","family":"Schanz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester NY 14604 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martha S","family":"Windrem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester NY 14604 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5498-4303","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steven A","family":"Goldman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester NY 14604 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences , Copenhagen 1017 ,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"Sana Biotechnology , Cambridge, MA 02139 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025052223264624200_awae252-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1086\/597126","article-title":"Prevalence of polyomavirus BK and JC infection and replication in 400 healthy blood donors","volume":"199","author":"Egli","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025052223264624200_awae252-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000363","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000363","article-title":"Seroepidemiology of human polyomaviruses","volume":"5","author":"Kean","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"2025052223264624200_awae252-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.35.5.1255-1257.1997","article-title":"Persistent JC virus (JCV) infection is demonstrated by continuous shedding of the same JCV strains","volume":"35","author":"Kitamura","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2025052223264624200_awae252-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.10450","article-title":"Population-based study of antibody to the human polyomaviruses BKV and JCV and the simian polyomavirus SV40","volume":"71","author":"Knowles","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"2025052223264624200_awae252-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiq097","article-title":"Pathogenesis of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy\u2014revisited","volume":"203","author":"White","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025052223264624200_awae252-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24371","article-title":"Persistence and pathogenesis of the neurotropic polyomavirus JC","volume":"77","author":"Wollebo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"2025052223264624200_awae252-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.13906","article-title":"The spectrum of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: A practical approach","volume":"26","author":"Bartsch","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"2025052223264624200_awae252-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2010.164","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and other forms of JC virus disease","volume":"6","author":"Brew","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"2025052223264624200_awae252-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.06.002","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"36","author":"Grebenciucova","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurol Clin"},{"key":"2025052223264624200_awae252-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30040-1","article-title":"Pathogenesis of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and risks associated with treatments for multiple sclerosis: A decade of lessons learned","volume":"17","author":"Major","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"2025052223264624200_awae252-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.710","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: Clinical and molecular aspects","volume":"22","author":"Tavazzi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rev Med Virol"},{"key":"2025052223264624200_awae252-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-016-0427-6","article-title":"Reassessing the risk of natalizumab-associated PML","volume":"22","author":"Berger","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"key":"2025052223264624200_awae252-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24148","article-title":"JC virus reactivation during prolonged natalizumab monotherapy for multiple sclerosis","volume":"75","author":"Chalkias","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"2025052223264624200_awae252-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-013-0408-6","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in multiple sclerosis","volume":"13","author":"Chalkley","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep"},{"key":"2025052223264624200_awae252-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2011.103","article-title":"Rituximab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"68","author":"Clifford","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"2025052223264624200_awae252-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458519832259","article-title":"Immune profiling of a patient with alemtuzumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"25","author":"Gerevini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mult Scler J"},{"key":"2025052223264624200_awae252-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa051782","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy complicating treatment with natalizumab and interferon beta-1a for multiple sclerosis","volume":"353","author":"Kleinschmidt-DeMasters","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2025052223264624200_awae252-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182478d4b","article-title":"Fatal PML associated with efalizumab therapy: Insights into integrin \u03b1L\u03b22 in JC virus control","volume":"78","author":"Schwab","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2025052223264624200_awae252-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa051586","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy after natalizumab therapy for Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"353","author":"Van Assche","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2025052223264624200_awae252-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1177\/2042098612453849","article-title":"Treatment-related progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: Current understanding and future steps","volume":"3","author":"Zaheer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ther Adv Drug Saf"},{"key":"2025052223264624200_awae252-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1080\/13550280390195315","article-title":"Inflammatory reaction in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: Harmful or beneficial?","volume":"9","author":"Du Pasquier","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"key":"2025052223264624200_awae252-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.20492","article-title":"Changes in the natural history of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV-negative lymphoproliferative disorders: Impact of novel therapies","volume":"80","author":"Garcia-Suarez","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"2025052223264624200_awae252-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.med.080708.082655","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients on immunomodulatory therapies","volume":"61","author":"Major","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annu Rev Med"},{"key":"2025052223264624200_awae252-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181c0d4a1","article-title":"Determinants of survival in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"73","author":"Marzocchetti","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2025052223264624200_awae252-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1564","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A2035","article-title":"JC virus infection of the brain","volume":"31","author":"Bag","year":"2010","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"2025052223264624200_awae252-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-014-0289-8","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy therapy","volume":"21","author":"Clifford","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"key":"2025052223264624200_awae252-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2010.157","article-title":"Successful management of natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and immune reconstitution syndrome in a patient with multiple sclerosis","volume":"67","author":"Schroder","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"2025052223264624200_awae252-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1007\/0-387-32957-9_20","article-title":"The polyomavirus, JCV and its involvement in human disease","volume":"577","author":"Khalili","year":"2006","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"2025052223264624200_awae252-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2992","article-title":"A cornucopia of human polyomaviruses","volume":"11","author":"DeCaprio","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"Pt 4","key":"2025052223264624200_awae252-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-80-4-1017","article-title":"Archetypal and rearranged sequences of human polyomavirus JC transcription control region in peripheral blood leukocytes and in cerebrospinal fluid","volume":"80","author":"Ciappi","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"2025052223264624200_awae252-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-0407-7_2","volume-title":"Molecular neurovirology: Pathogenesis of viral CNS infections","author":"Frisque","year":"1992"},{"key":"2025052223264624200_awae252-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1340","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02565-14","article-title":"JC virus quasispecies analysis reveals a complex viral population underlying progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and supports viral dissemination via the hematogenous route","volume":"89","author":"Van Loy","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"2025052223264624200_awae252-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.3109\/13550280009018304","article-title":"Analysis of the transcriptional control region in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"6","author":"Vaz","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"key":"2025052223264624200_awae252-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/S0923-2516(98)80034-4","article-title":"Rearrangements of archetypal regulatory regions in JC virus genomes from urine","volume":"149","author":"Agostini","year":"1998","journal-title":"Res Virol"},{"key":"2025052223264624200_awae252-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1080\/13550280390218887","article-title":"Analysis of the excreted JC virus strains and their potential oral transmission","volume":"9","author":"Bofill-Mas","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"key":"2025052223264624200_awae252-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3139","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.64.6.3139-3143.1990","article-title":"Isolation of a possible archetypal JC virus DNA sequence from nonimmunocompromised individuals","volume":"64","author":"Yogo","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"2025052223264624200_awae252-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511541728.014","volume-title":"Neurotropic viral infections","author":"Khalili","year":"2008"},{"key":"2025052223264624200_awae252-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1995.0001","article-title":"Transcriptional regulation: Lessons from the human neurotropic polyomavirus, JCV","volume":"213","author":"Raj","year":"1995","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"2025052223264624200_awae252-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3695","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.84.11.3695","article-title":"Regulation of the host range of human papovavirus JCV","volume":"84","author":"Feigenbaum","year":"1987","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2025052223264624200_awae252-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-198907000-00004","article-title":"Human fetal astrocytes in culture support the growth of the neurotropic human polyomavirus, JCV","volume":"48","author":"Major","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"key":"2025052223264624200_awae252-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10638","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.19.10638-10644.2003","article-title":"JC virus-induced changes in cellular gene expression in primary human astrocytes","volume":"77","author":"Radhakrishnan","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"2025052223264624200_awae252-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.23135","article-title":"Polyomavirus JC infection inhibits differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells","volume":"91","author":"Darbinyan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res"},{"key":"2025052223264624200_awae252-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5323","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI76629","article-title":"Human glial chimeric mice reveal astrocytic dependence of JC virus infection","volume":"124","author":"Kondo","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2025052223264624200_awae252-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2005.04.007","article-title":"Human polyomaviruses and brain tumors","volume":"50","author":"White","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain Res Brain Res Rev"},{"key":"2025052223264624200_awae252-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-micro-092611-150154","article-title":"Large T antigens of polyomaviruses: Amazing molecular machines","volume":"66","author":"An","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annu Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"2025052223264624200_awae252-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3979","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.66.7.3979-3985.1992","article-title":"Common and unique features of T antigens encoded by the polyomavirus group","volume":"66","author":"Pipas","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"2025052223264624200_awae252-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e10606","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0010606","article-title":"JC virus small T antigen binds phosphatase PP2A and rb family proteins and is required for efficient viral DNA replication activity","volume":"5","author":"Bollag","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025052223264624200_awae252-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1080\/13550280601009553","article-title":"JC virus T'135, T'136 and T'165 proteins interact with cellular p107 and p130 in vivo and influence viral transformation potential","volume":"12","author":"Bollag","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"key":"2025052223264624200_awae252-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1544","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.064311","article-title":"Large T antigen promotes JC virus replication in G2-arrested cells by inducing ATM- and ATR-mediated G2 checkpoint signaling","volume":"285","author":"Orba","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2025052223264624200_awae252-B50","first-page":"259","volume-title":"Myelin biology and disorders","author":"Roy","year":"2004"},{"key":"2025052223264624200_awae252-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt0901-843","article-title":"High-yield selection and extraction of two promoter-defined phenotypes of neural stem cells from the fetal human brain","volume":"19","author":"Keyoung","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"2025052223264624200_awae252-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1038\/nm974","article-title":"Fetal and adult human oligodendrocyte progenitor cell isolates myelinate the congenitally dysmyelinated brain","volume":"10","author":"Windrem","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2025052223264624200_awae252-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2004.08.018","article-title":"CD44 expression identifies astrocyte-restricted precursor cells","volume":"276","author":"Liu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dev Biol"},{"key":"2025052223264624200_awae252-B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.1972","article-title":"CD140a identifies a population of highly myelinogenic, migration-competent and efficiently engrafting human oligodendrocyte progenitor cells","volume":"29","author":"Sim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"2025052223264624200_awae252-B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.1529","article-title":"Highly efficient neural conversion of human ES and iPS cells by dual inhibition of SMAD signaling","volume":"27","author":"Chambers","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"2025052223264624200_awae252-B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2012.12.002","article-title":"Human iPSC-derived oligodendrocyte progenitor cells can myelinate and rescue a mouse model of congenital hypomyelination","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"2025052223264624200_awae252-B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2008.03.020","article-title":"Neonatal chimerization with human glial progenitor cells can both remyelinate and rescue the otherwise lethally hypomyelinated shiverer mouse","volume":"2","author":"Windrem","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"2025052223264624200_awae252-B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000412","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1000412","article-title":"Improving bioscience research reporting: The ARRIVE guidelines for reporting animal research","volume":"8","author":"Kilkenny","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"key":"2025052223264624200_awae252-B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2114","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu170","article-title":"Trimmomatic: A flexible trimmer for Illumina sequence data","volume":"30","author":"Bolger","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2025052223264624200_awae252-B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bts635","article-title":"STAR: Ultrafast universal RNA-Seq aligner","volume":"29","author":"Dobin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2025052223264624200_awae252-B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btt656","article-title":"featureCounts: An efficient general purpose program for assigning sequence reads to genomic features","volume":"30","author":"Liao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2025052223264624200_awae252-B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cels.2018.11.005","article-title":"Scrublet: Computational identification of cell doublets in single-cell transcriptomic data","volume":"8","author":"Wolock","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Syst"},{"key":"2025052223264624200_awae252-B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.2931","article-title":"Normalization of RNA-Seq data using factor analysis of control genes or samples","volume":"32","author":"Risso","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"2025052223264624200_awae252-B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-014-0550-8","article-title":"Moderated estimation of fold change and dispersion for RNA-Seq data with DESeq2","volume":"15","author":"Love","year":"2014","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"key":"2025052223264624200_awae252-B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4878","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-12894-z","article-title":"Single-cell RNA-sequencing of herpes simplex virus 1-infected cells connects NRF2 activation to an antiviral program","volume":"10","author":"Wyler","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2025052223264624200_awae252-B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cels.2020.05.010","article-title":"Solo: Doublet identification in single-cell RNA-Seq via semi-supervised deep learning","volume":"11","author":"Bernstein","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Syst"},{"key":"2025052223264624200_awae252-B67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-021-01206-w","article-title":"A python library for probabilistic analysis of single-cell omics data","volume":"40","author":"Gayoso","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"2025052223264624200_awae252-B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.4314","article-title":"Dimensionality reduction for visualizing single-cell data using UMAP","volume":"37","author":"Becht","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"2025052223264624200_awae252-B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-017-1382-0","article-title":"SCANPY: Large-scale single-cell gene expression data analysis","volume":"19","author":"Wolf","year":"2018","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"key":"2025052223264624200_awae252-B70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1089\/omi.2011.0118","article-title":"clusterProfiler: An R package for comparing biological themes among gene clusters","volume":"16","author":"Yu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Omics"},{"key":"2025052223264624200_awae252-B71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-21246-9","article-title":"Inference and analysis of cell-cell communication using CellChat","volume":"12","author":"Jin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2025052223264624200_awae252-B72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2498","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.1239303","article-title":"Cytoscape: A software environment for integrated models of biomolecular interaction networks","volume":"13","author":"Shannon","year":"2003","journal-title":"Genome Res"},{"key":"2025052223264624200_awae252-B73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceca.2013.03.001","article-title":"Calcium-induced outgrowth of astrocytic peripheral processes requires actin binding by profilin-1","volume":"53","author":"Molotkov","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Calcium"},{"key":"2025052223264624200_awae252-B74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2528","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.00784-07","article-title":"Critical role for transcription factor C\/EBP-\u03b2 in regulating the expression of death-associated protein kinase 1","volume":"28","author":"Gade","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"2025052223264624200_awae252-B75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb2738","article-title":"ER-stress-induced transcriptional regulation increases protein synthesis leading to cell death","volume":"15","author":"Han","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"key":"2025052223264624200_awae252-B76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.e13-11-0664","article-title":"Translational and posttranslational regulation of XIAP by eIF2\u03b1 and ATF4 promotes ER stress-induced cell death during the unfolded protein response","volume":"25","author":"Hiramatsu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol Biol Cell"},{"key":"2025052223264624200_awae252-B77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.182.1.466","article-title":"CHAC1\/MGC4504 is a novel proapoptotic component of the unfolded protein response, downstream of the ATF4-ATF3-CHOP cascade","volume":"182","author":"Mungrue","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Immunol (Baltimore, Md: 1950)"},{"key":"2025052223264624200_awae252-B78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20219","article-title":"CD46 on glial cells can function as a receptor for viral glycoprotein-mediated cell-cell fusion","volume":"52","author":"Cassiani-Ingoni","year":"2005","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"2025052223264624200_awae252-B79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2719","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.13739","article-title":"Macrophage migration inhibitory factor activates inflammatory responses of astrocytes through interaction with CD74 receptor","volume":"8","author":"Su","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"2025052223264624200_awae252-B80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23571","article-title":"Neuroinflammation in the central nervous system: Symphony of glial cells","volume":"67","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"2025052223264624200_awae252-B81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ENEURO.0078-14.2015","DOI":"10.1523\/ENEURO.0078-14.2015","article-title":"Astrogliosis induced by brain injury is regulated by Sema4B phosphorylation","volume":"2","author":"Ben-Gigi","year":"2015","journal-title":"eNeuro"},{"key":"2025052223264624200_awae252-B82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1076281","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2022.1076281","article-title":"Improved neuron protection following cortical injury in the absence of Semaphorin4B","volume":"16","author":"Sweetat","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"2025052223264624200_awae252-B83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16153","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1510-14.2014","article-title":"A competitive advantage by neonatally engrafted human glial progenitors yields mice whose brains are chimeric for human glia","volume":"34","author":"Windrem","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2025052223264624200_awae252-B84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1006\/mcne.1998.0715","article-title":"Gene expression in brain during cuprizone-induced demyelination and remyelination","volume":"12","author":"Morell","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mol Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"2025052223264624200_awae252-B85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.2003.tb00032.x","article-title":"Quantifying the early stages of remyelination following cuprizone-induced demyelination","volume":"13","author":"Stidworthy","year":"2003","journal-title":"Brain Pathol (Zurich, Switzerland)"},{"key":"2025052223264624200_awae252-B86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107658","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.107658","article-title":"Human glial progenitor cells effectively remyelinate the demyelinated adult brain","volume":"31","author":"Windrem","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"2025052223264624200_awae252-B87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.1030660310","article-title":"The initiation of cell division in a contact-inhibited mammalian cell line","volume":"66","author":"Todaro","year":"1965","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"2025052223264624200_awae252-B88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21443","article-title":"Detection of JC virus DNA fragments but not proteins in normal brain tissue","volume":"64","author":"Perez-Liz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"2025052223264624200_awae252-B89","first-page":"e01331","article-title":"JC polyomavirus infection reveals delayed progression of the infectious cycle in normal human astrocytes","volume":"94","author":"Wilczek","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"2025052223264624200_awae252-B90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/64.2.163","article-title":"Proliferative potential of human astrocytes","volume":"64","author":"Colodner","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"key":"2025052223264624200_awae252-B91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.3390\/v12090969","article-title":"Fifty years of JC polyomavirus: A brief overview and remaining questions","volume":"12","author":"Atkinson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"2025052223264624200_awae252-B92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2015.11.026","article-title":"Polyomavirus JC microRNA expression after infection in vitro","volume":"213","author":"Giovannelli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Virus Res"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"2025052223264624200_awae252-B93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S8","DOI":"10.3949\/ccjm.78.s2.03","article-title":"The clinical features of PML","volume":"78","author":"Berger","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cleve Clin J Med"},{"key":"2025052223264624200_awae252-B94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5103","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI79186","article-title":"An animal model for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"124","author":"Haley","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2025052223264624200_awae252-B95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-020-00427-y","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and the spectrum of JC virus-related disease","volume":"17","author":"Cortese","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"}],"container-title":["Brain"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/brain\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/brain\/awae252\/59760437\/awae252.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/brain\/article-pdf\/147\/12\/4131\/60939571\/awae252.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/brain\/article-pdf\/147\/12\/4131\/60939571\/awae252.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,23]],"date-time":"2025-05-23T03:27:07Z","timestamp":1747970827000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/brain\/article\/147\/12\/4131\/7731783"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,12]]},"references-count":95,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,12]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awae252","relation":{},"ISSN":["0006-8950","1460-2156"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0006-8950","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-2156","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,12]]}}}