{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T22:12:50Z","timestamp":1790374370391,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,25]],"date-time":"2024-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727222400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["408885537"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["408885537"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2067\/1- 390729940"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2067\/1- 390729940"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002283","name":"Gemeinn\u00fctzige Hertie-Stiftung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002283","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007458","name":"Deutschen Multiple Sklerose Gesellschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007458","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000890","name":"National Multiple Sclerosis Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000890","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010570","name":"Ministry for Science and Culture of Lower Saxony","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010570","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019147","name":"University Medical Center G\u00f6ttingen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019147","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Remyelination is a crucial regenerative process in demyelinating diseases, limiting persisting damage to the CNS. It restores saltatory nerve conduction and ensures trophic support of axons. In patients with multiple sclerosis, remyelination has been observed in both white and grey matter and found to be more efficient in the cortex. Brain-enriched myelin-associated protein 1 (BCAS1) identifies oligodendrocyte lineage cells in the stage of active myelin formation in development and regeneration. Other than in the white matter, BCAS1+ oligodendrocytes are maintained at high densities in the cortex throughout life.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Here, we investigated cortical lesions in human biopsy and autopsy tissue from patients with multiple sclerosis in direct comparison to demyelinating mouse models and demonstrate that following a demyelinating insult BCAS1+ oligodendrocytes in remyelinating cortical lesions shift from a quiescent to an activated, internode-forming morphology co-expressing myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG), necessary for axonal contact formation. Of note, activated BCAS1+ oligodendrocytes are found at early time points of experimental demyelination amidst ongoing inflammation. In human tissue, activated BCAS1+ oligodendrocytes correlate with the density of myeloid cells, further supporting their involvement in an immediate regenerative response.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Furthermore, studying the microscopically normal appearing non demyelinated cortex in patients with chronic multiple sclerosis, we find a shift from quiescent BCAS1+ oligodendrocytes to mature, myelin-maintaining oligodendrocytes, suggesting oligodendrocyte differentiation and limited replenishment of BCAS1+ oligodendrocytes in long-standing disease. We also demonstrate that part of perineuronal satellite oligodendrocytes are BCAS1+ and contribute to remyelination in human and experimental cortical demyelination.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>In summary, our results provide evidence from human tissue and experimental models that BCAS1+ cells in the adult cortex represent a population of pre-differentiated oligodendrocytes that rapidly react after a demyelinating insult thus enabling immediate myelin regeneration. In addition, our data suggest that limited replenishment of BCAS1+ oligodendrocytes may contribute to the remyelination failure observed in the cortex in chronic multiple sclerosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awae293","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]],"date-time":"2024-09-23T07:14:42Z","timestamp":1727075682000},"page":"908-920","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["BCAS1-positive oligodendrocytes enable efficient cortical remyelination in multiple sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"148","author":[{"given":"Caroline Gertrud","family":"Bergner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropathology, University Medical Center G\u00f6ttingen , G\u00f6ttingen 37075 ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Hospital Leipzig , Leipzig 04103 ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franziska","family":"van der Meer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropathology, University Medical Center G\u00f6ttingen , G\u00f6ttingen 37075 ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonas","family":"Franz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropathology, University Medical Center G\u00f6ttingen , G\u00f6ttingen 37075 ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aigli","family":"Vakrakou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropathology, University Medical Center G\u00f6ttingen , G\u00f6ttingen 37075 ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Aeginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens 11528 ,","place":["Greece"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thea","family":"W\u00fcrfel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropathology, University Medical Center G\u00f6ttingen , G\u00f6ttingen 37075 ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Nessler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropathology, University Medical Center G\u00f6ttingen , G\u00f6ttingen 37075 ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9714-9682","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa","family":"Sch\u00e4fer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Hospital Leipzig , Leipzig 04103 ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cora","family":"Nau-Gietz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropathology, University Medical Center G\u00f6ttingen , G\u00f6ttingen 37075 ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Winkler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropathology, University Medical Center G\u00f6ttingen , G\u00f6ttingen 37075 ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nielsen","family":"Lagumersindez-Denis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropathology, University Medical Center G\u00f6ttingen , G\u00f6ttingen 37075 ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Wrzos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropathology, University Medical Center G\u00f6ttingen , G\u00f6ttingen 37075 ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioanna Alkmini","family":"Damkou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich , Munich 81377 ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Sergiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropathology, University Medical Center G\u00f6ttingen , G\u00f6ttingen 37075 ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Verena","family":"Schultz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropathology, University Medical Center G\u00f6ttingen , G\u00f6ttingen 37075 ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 8TA ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolin","family":"Knauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropathology, University Medical Center G\u00f6ttingen , G\u00f6ttingen 37075 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