{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T21:58:53Z","timestamp":1785621533217,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,18]],"date-time":"2024-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Health-Holland, Top Sector Life Sciences & Health","award":["LSHM17075"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LSHM17075"]}]},{"name":"Health-Holland, Top Sector Life Sciences & Health","award":["LSHM19015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LSHM19015"]}]},{"name":"Health-Holland, Top Sector Life Sciences & Health","award":["LSHM20011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LSHM20011"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013465","name":"AFM T\u00e9l\u00e9thon","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013465","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"European Reference Network for Rare Neuromuscular Diseases"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is caused by sporadic misexpression of the transcription factor double homeobox 4 (DUX4) in skeletal muscles. So far, monolayer cultures and animal models have been used to study the disease mechanism of FSHD and for development of FSHD therapy, but these models do not fully recapitulate the disease and there is a lack of knowledge on how DUX4 misexpression leads to skeletal muscle dysfunction.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>To overcome these barriers, we have developed a 3D tissue engineered skeletal muscle (3D-TESM) model by generating genetically matched myogenic progenitors from human induced pluripotent stem cells of three mosaic FSHD patients.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>3D-TESMs derived from genetically affected myogenic progenitors recapitulated pathological features including DUX4 and DUX4 target gene expression, smaller myofibre diameters and reduced absolute forces upon electrical stimulation. RNA-sequencing data illustrated increased expression of DUX4 target genes in 3D-TESMs compared with 2D myotubes, and cellular differentiation was improved by 3D culture conditions. Treatment of 3D-TESMs with three different small molecules identified in drug development screens in 2D muscle cultures showed no improvements, and sometimes even declines, in contractile force and sarcomere organization. These results suggest that these compounds either have a detrimental effect on the formation of 3D-TESMs, an effect that might have been overlooked or was challenging to detect in 2D cultures and in vivo models, and\/or that further development of the 3D-TESM model is needed.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>In conclusion, we have developed a 3D skeletal muscle model for FSHD that can be used for preclinical research focusing on DUX4 expression and downstream pathways of FSHD in relationship to contractile properties. In the future, we expect that this model can also be used for preclinical drug screening.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awae379","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,18]],"date-time":"2024-11-18T20:28:58Z","timestamp":1731961738000},"page":"1723-1739","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Three-dimensional tissue engineered skeletal muscle modelling facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"148","author":[{"given":"Marnix","family":"Franken","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center , 2333 ZA, Leiden ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik","family":"van der Wal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center , 2333 ZA, Leiden ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongxu","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center , 2333 ZA, Leiden ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bianca","family":"den Hamer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center , 2333 ZA, Leiden ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick J","family":"van der Vliet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center , 2333 ZA, Leiden ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7102-710X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard J L F","family":"Lemmers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center , 2333 ZA, Leiden ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8950-6109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anita","family":"van den Heuvel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center , 2333 ZA, Leiden ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra L","family":"Dorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center , 2333 ZA, Leiden ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cas G A","family":"Duivenvoorden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center , 2333 ZA, Leiden ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stijn L M","family":"in \u2019t Groen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center , 3015 GD, Rotterdam ,","place":["The Netherlands"]},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Center , 3015 GE Rotterdam ,","place":["The Netherlands"]},{"name":"Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center , 3015 GE Rotterdam ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Freund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leiden hiPSC Centre, Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center , 2333 ZA, Leiden ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bert","family":"Eussen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center , 3015 GD, Rotterdam ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rabi","family":"Tawil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester, NY 14642 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baziel G M","family":"van Engelen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Donders Centre of Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Centre , 6525 GA, Nijmegen ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W W M Pim","family":"Pijnappel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center , 3015 GD, Rotterdam ,","place":["The Netherlands"]},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Center , 3015 GE Rotterdam ,","place":["The Netherlands"]},{"name":"Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center , 3015 GE Rotterdam ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silv\u00e8re M","family":"van der Maarel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center , 2333 ZA, Leiden ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2819-6098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica C","family":"de Greef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center , 2333 ZA, Leiden ,","place":["The 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