{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T04:11:32Z","timestamp":1789013492427,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]],"date-time":"2025-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736985600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Leopoldina Academy of Sciences","award":["LDPS2022-16"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LDPS2022-16"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"German Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017268","name":"Berlin Institute of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"German Ministry for Research and Education","award":["01EW2007A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01EW2007A"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Perception integrates external sensory signals with internal predictions that reflect prior knowledge about the world. Previous research suggests that this integration is governed by slow alternations between an external mode, driven by sensory signals, and an internal mode, shaped by prior knowledge.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Using a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over experiment in healthy human participants, we investigated the effects of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist S-ketamine on the balance between external and internal modes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>We found that S-ketamine causes a shift of perception towards the external mode. A case-control study revealed that individuals with paranoid schizophrenia, a disorder repeatedly associated with NMDAR hypofunction, spend more time in the external mode. This NMDAR-dependent increase in the external mode suggests that the symptoms of schizophrenia are caused by recurring dissociations of perception from prior knowledge about the world.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awaf011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]],"date-time":"2025-01-13T07:15:01Z","timestamp":1736752501000},"page":"1531-1539","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor hypofunction causes recurrent and transient failures of perceptual inference"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"148","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3332-0006","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veith","family":"Weilnhammer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charit\u00e9-Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin , Berlin 10117 ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Berlin Institute of Health, 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