{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T01:40:47Z","timestamp":1790991647496,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]],"date-time":"2025-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742169600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013560","name":"GBS\/CIDP Foundation International","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013560","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010769","name":"GAIN","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000853","name":"University of Glasgow","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000853","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014255","name":"CSL Behring","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014255","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100016387","name":"Grifols","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100016387","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["092805"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["092805"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202789"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202789"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome is an acute polyradiculoneuropathy in which preceding infections often elicit the production of antibodies that target peripheral nerve antigens, principally gangliosides. Anti-ganglioside antibodies are thought to play a key role in the clinical diversity of the disease and can be helpful in clinical practice. Extensive research into clinical associations of individual anti-ganglioside antibody specificities has been performed. Recent research has highlighted glycolipid complexes, glycolipid combinations that may alter antibody binding, as targets. In this study, we investigated antibody reactivity patterns to glycolipids and glycolipid complexes using combinatorial array, in relation to clinical features in Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>In total, 1413 patients from the observational International Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome Outcome Study (0\u201391 years, 60.3% male) and 1061 controls (healthy, family, infectious, vaccination, other neurological disease) were included. Acute-phase sera from patients were screened for IgM, IgG, and IgA reactivity against 15 glycolipids and one phospholipid and their heteromeric complexes, similarly to archived control sera. Antibody specificities and reactivity patterns were analysed in relation to clinical features.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Of all patients, 1309 (92.6%) were positive for at least one anti-glycolipid (complex) antibody. Anti-GM1 and anti-GQ1b (complex) antibodies best distinguished motor Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome and Miller Fisher syndrome from controls, with antibodies to glycolipid complexes outperforming antibodies to single glycolipids. Three models consisting of anti-glycolipid (complex) antibodies distinguished patients with Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome, the motor variant, and Miller Fisher syndrome from controls with high sensitivity and specificity, performing better than antibodies to single glycolipids used in clinical practice. Seven patient clusters with particular antibody reactivity patterns were identified. These clusters were distinguished by geographical region, clinical variants, preceding Campylobacter jejuni infection, electrophysiological subtypes, the Medical Research Council sum score at study entry, and the ability to walk 10\u202fm unaided at 26 weeks. Two patient clusters with distinct anti-GM1 (complex) reactivity (broad versus restricted) differed in frequency of the axonal subtype. In cumulative incidence analyses, 15 anti-glycolipid (complex) antibodies were associated with the time required to regain the ability to walk 10\u202fm unaided. After adjustment for known prognostic factors, IgG anti-GQ1b:GM4, GQ1b:PS and GQ1b:Sulfatide remained associated with faster recovery. Addition of anti-glycolipid antibodies to clinical prognostic models slightly improved their discriminative capacity, though insufficiently to improve the models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Measurement of anti-glycolipid antibodies by combinatorial array increases the diagnostic yield compared to assaying single glycolipids, identifies clinically relevant antibody reactivity patterns to glycolipids and glycolipid complexes, and may be useful in outcome prediction in Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awaf102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]],"date-time":"2025-03-17T14:48:51Z","timestamp":1742222931000},"page":"4000-4015","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Large-scale profiling of antibody reactivity to glycolipids in patients with Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"148","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5584-2457","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robin C M","family":"Thomma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam , Rotterdam 3015 GD ,","place":["The Netherlands"]},{"name":"Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam , Rotterdam 3015 GD ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan K","family":"Halstead","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Infection and Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 8QQ ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura C","family":"de Koning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam , Rotterdam 3015 GD ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eveline J A","family":"Wiegers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam , Rotterdam 3015 GD ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dawn S","family":"Gourlay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Infection and Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 8QQ ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne P","family":"Tio-Gillen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam , Rotterdam 3015 GD ,","place":["The Netherlands"]},{"name":"Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam , Rotterdam 3015 GD ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wouter","family":"van Rijs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam , Rotterdam 3015 GD ,","place":["The Netherlands"]},{"name":"Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam , Rotterdam 3015 GD ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henning","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus 8200 ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Antonini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome \u2018Sapienza\u2019, Sant\u2019Andrea Hospital , Rome 00189 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