{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T14:31:49Z","timestamp":1791815509486,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]],"date-time":"2025-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744675200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013323","name":"Rossy Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013323","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003136","name":"Edmond J. Safra Philanthropic Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003136","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000196","name":"Canada Foundation for Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012171","name":"Ontario Research Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["40480"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["40480"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012171","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by four-repeat (4R) tau protein deposition. The substantia nigra (SN) and midbrain tegmentum nuclei (MBT) are consistently affected. Lymphocyte infiltrates are scarce in the brains of patients with neurodegenerative diseases, although a few reports have described their presence in the \u03b1-synucleinopathy Parkinson's disease (PD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>To evaluate the cytotoxic T-cell response, serial sections spanning 120\u2005\u03bcm of the SN were immunostained consecutively for phosphorylated tau (p-tau, AT8) or \u03b1-synuclein, cytotoxic T-cell marker and microglia marker HLA-DR. Sections were analysed with stereology software in 9 patients with PSP, 10 with PD and 6 healthy controls. We semiquantitatively scored CD8-positive cells in further brain regions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>CD8 lymphocyte cell counts and microglial activation in the SN were higher in PSP than PD and controls. Furthermore, T-cell\/neuron contact was observed in PSP. In multivariate models, CD8 counts were not predicted by disease duration, younger age at death or the amount of p-tau pathology. The SN and midbrain tegmentum showed more CD8 cells than the cortex.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>A more prominent nigral cytotoxic T-cell response in PSP than PD supports the suggestion that p-tau neuropathology in PSP might have potential relationships with autoimmune mechanisms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awaf135","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]],"date-time":"2025-04-15T07:18:37Z","timestamp":1744701517000},"page":"2650-2657","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Midbrain cytotoxic T cells as a distinct neuropathological feature of progressive supranuclear palsy"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"148","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3512-7488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Blas","family":"Couto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Favaloro University Hospital, Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCyT) Favaloro-INECO-CONICET , Buenos Aires CA1020 ,","place":["Argentina"]},{"name":"Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario M5T 0S8 ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shelley L","family":"Forrest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario M5T 0S8 ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network , Toronto, Ontario M5T 0S8 ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Conor","family":"Fearon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dublin Neurological Institute at the Mater Misericordiae University Hospital , Dublin D07 W7XF ,","place":["Ireland"]},{"name":"Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson\u2019s Disease and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital , Toronto, Ontario M5T 2S8 ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seojin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario M5T 0S8 ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samantha","family":"Knott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario M5T 0S8 ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario M5T 0S8 ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan H","family":"Fox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson\u2019s Disease and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital , Toronto, Ontario M5T 2S8 ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Rossy Centre for PSP, Toronto Western Hospital , Toronto, Ontario M5T 2S8 ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Division of Neurology, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A1 ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Carmela","family":"Tartaglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario M5T 0S8 ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network , Toronto, Ontario M5T 0S8 ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Rossy Centre for PSP, Toronto Western Hospital , Toronto, Ontario M5T 2S8 ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Division of Neurology, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A1 ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony E","family":"Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario M5T 0S8 ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson\u2019s Disease and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital , Toronto, Ontario M5T 2S8 ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Rossy Centre for PSP, Toronto Western Hospital , Toronto, Ontario M5T 2S8 ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Division of Neurology, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A1 ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3841-5511","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabor G","family":"Kovacs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario M5T 0S8 ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network , Toronto, Ontario M5T 0S8 ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson\u2019s Disease and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital , Toronto, Ontario M5T 2S8 ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Rossy Centre for PSP, Toronto Western Hospital , Toronto, Ontario M5T 2S8 ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Division of Neurology, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A1 ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario M5S 3K3 ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network , Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4 ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025080112522333900_awaf135-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-020-02158-2","article-title":"Distribution patterns of tau pathology in progressive supranuclear 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